In the following year’s authors as Caldwell [5], West [6] and Mosher [7] proposed the intranasal access to the lacrimal sac. However it was just in the last two decades of the past century that the endoscopic approach gained progressive interest, thanks to the exponential affirmation of the modern endoscopic technique. Nowadays the success rate of the two procedures, ex-DCR and endoscopic DCR (...

The preparation of the DCR has been started since LCWS2006 at Bangalore[1]. Four editors for the detector part, Ties Behnke, Chris Damerell, John Jaros and Akiya Miyamoto, have worked together with authors of sub-sections to prepare the document. The preliminary version has been open to the community after the workshop at Beijing (BILCW07)[2]. Taking into account comments from the community as ...

BACKGROUND Epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa are erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) indicated for the treatment of anemia in chronic renal failure, including patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis. Clinical experience demonstrates that the dose conversion ratio (DCR) between epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa is nonproportional across the dosing spectrum. However, previous calcu...

251 Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) has been practiced for over a century. First described by Addeo Toti in 1904,[1] primary external DCR has traditionally been considered the gold standard technique demonstrating success rates that approach 98% in patients with primary acquired NLDO.[2,3] Caldwell first described the endonasal (non‐endoscop...

The cuticle covering every plant aerial organ is largely made of cutin that consists of fatty acids, glycerol, and aromatic monomers. Despite the huge importance of the cuticle to plant development and fitness, our knowledge regarding the assembly of the cutin polymer and its integration in the complete cuticle structure is limited. Cutin composition implies the action of acyltransferase-type e...

PURPOSE Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is widely accepted as the procedure of choice for surgical correction of lacrimal drainage system obstruction distal to common canaliculus in adulthood. The success rate of DCR has been reported to be from 63% to 99%. DCR failure has been attributed to membranous occlusion of the rhinostomy site caused by soft tissue scarring. More recently, use of mitomycin ...

This work is a preliminary examination of mechanistic issues on the comparative corrosion performance of regular epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) and dual polymer-zinc coated reinforcement (DCR) in simulated concrete pore solution with and without chloride ions, at polarizations from +100 mV to -1000 mV in the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) scale and exposure periods of 1 month or longer. Both mater...

BACKGROUND Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common problem which can be corrected by dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). The gold standard treatment for this is DCR operation through an external approach. Development of endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic DCR performed through intranasal route is a major recent development in this field. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to find out the succ...