Compared with the rapid deactivation of Pd/AC catalyst, an eco-friendly Pd-[DBU][Cl]/AC ([DBU][Cl], 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene hydrochloride) catalyst enhanced stability was synthesized and applied in hydrochlorination acetylene. The Pd-20[DBU][Cl]/AC exhibits 96.7% acetylene conversion 98.9% selectivity vinyl chloride within 24 h evaluation under conditions T = 180 °C, GHSV(C2H2) 360 h...

BACKGROUND A number of groups have recommended setting positive end-expiratory pressure during conventional mechanical ventilation in adults at 2 cm H2O above the lower corner pressure (P(CL)) of the inspiratory pressure-volume (P-V) curve of the respiratory system. No equivalent recommendations for the setting of the mean airway pressure (Paw) during high-frequency oscillation (HFO) exist. The...

The diuretic peptide leucokinin is known to increase fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti by increasing a transepithelial Cl(-) conductance. The present study sought to examine whether stellate cells provided this transepithelial conductance in Aedes Malpighian tubules as they do in Drosophila Malpighian tubules. Aedes Malpighian tubule segments with ...

We evaluate osmotic and chloride (Cl(-)) regulatory capability in the diadromous shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum, and the accompanying alterations in hemolymph osmolality and [Cl(-)], gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, and expression of gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α-subunit and V-ATPase B subunit mRNA during salinity (S) acclimation. We also characterize V-ATPase kinetics and the organization of trans...

Split lamellae of the posterior gills of freshwater-adapted Chinese crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were mounted in a modified Ussing-type chamber, and active and electrogenic absorption of Na(+) and Cl(-) were measured as positive (I(Na)) or negative (I(Cl)) short-circuit currents. Haemolymph-side addition of eyestalk extract stimulated I(Cl) by increasing both the transcellular Cl(-) conductance a...

The water content (V) and the concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl- in the epithelial cells of rat small intestine ([K]i, [Na]i, and [Cl]i) were were measured in high K+ media and in the presence of glucose or glycine (20 mM). Raised external K+ concentrations brought about increases in V. Parallel with swelling of the cell, increases in [K]i and [Cl]i and decreases in [Na]i were observed. Such a ...

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) derive equations for estimating gentamicin clearance (Cl gent ) and volume of distribution (V d ) based on the local population attending Al-Amiri Hospital, Kuwait; (2) independently evaluate these equations by comparison with other published methods in their predictive ability to estimate Cl gent and V d . Materials and Methods: Cl gent and...