Ionic aluminum (Al3+) is toxic to plants, microbes, fish, and animals, but the mechanism of its toxicity is unknown. We describe the isolation of two yeast genes (ALR1 and ALR2) which confer increased tolerance to Al3+ and Ga3+ ions when overexpressed while increasing strain sensitivity to Zn2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, and La3+ ions. The Alr proteins are homologous to the Salmonella typhimurium...

Modeling of eight mechanisms for the incorporation Ti4+ and Cr3+ impurity components into phlogopite was carried out by a semi-empirical method using GULP (General Utility Lattice Program) software. The calculation thermodynamic mixing properties in range 1–7 GPa 373–1573 K analysis structure geometry simulated solid solutions provided following energy-preferred schemes isomorphic substitution:...

An experimental and computational study on the hydrolysis of Al3+ in aqueous solutions is here reported. Speciation model formation constants were determined by potentiometric titrations at T = 298.15 K, 0.1 ? I/mol L?1 1 NaCl, NaNO3, NaCl/NaNO3 solutions. The dependence ionic strength reported all media over range 0.1–1.0 mol L?1. Under studied conditions, Al3(OH)45+ Al13(OH)327+ species obser...

In this research, dipeptide (his-β-alanine) and porphyrin derivatives were choosen for comparing chelating ability of toxic metals such as Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ in vitro. The reason for choosing these two compounds is that both of them are naturally present in biological systems and comparison of chelating ability of these two compounds has not yet been done. Synthesis and comparison of kin...

BACKGROUND Gnathostoma spinigerum causes larva migran in human which is endemic in Southeast Asia. Information regarding larva migration is limited. In this study, we investigated the parasite migration by recovery of worms from the whole body of mouse after oral infection with advanced third stage larvae (AL3). The percentage of blood eosinophils was examined in parallel. METHODS Mice were o...