Large wild herbivores are important and natural components of forest ecosystems, but through their browsing activities have the potential to influence structure composition communities, thus timber production ecosystem dynamics. To examine effects by on a young post-disturbance in Kysuce region northwestern Slovakia, we established two sets 2 m radius plots, 15 within fenced area (5.12 ha) that...

Abstract Bird irruptions are thought to be triggered by a combination of lack food in the regular distribution range and high population density (push factors). Recent studies have also suggested that may drawn towards areas with availability (pull factor). The Bohemian Waxwing ( Bombycilla garrulus ) is an irruptive species large annual variation numbers reaching southern during winter. I used...

The browsing of wild ungulates can have profound effects on the structure and composition forests. In Swiss National Park, density ungulates, including red deer (Cervus elaphus), ibex (Capra ibex), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), is exceptionally high due to strict protection absence large predators. We examined count data larch (Larix decidua), cembra pine (Pinus cembra), spruce (Picea abies), ...

As an additive to bread, it is proposed use a powder made from derivatives of Sorbus aucuparia mountain ash processing. The production technology involves freezing fruits, preliminary dehydration by osmotic dehydration, drying in infrared dryer and grinding. bread with extended shelf life increased biological value has been developed, some its physical chemical properties have studied. To deter...

Abstract The new species Thyronectria ulmi is described from Ulmus laevis and U. minor collected in Austria, the Czech Republic Slovakia. It morphologically phylogenetically close to North American T. chrysogramma , which also occurs on shares olive green brown muriform ascospores, but differs latter by geographic distribution, narrower asci, smaller ascospores with fewer septa DNA sequence dat...

Abstract Several species of owls and seed-eating birds breeding in boreal forests may occur irruptively areas south their regular wintering range. One common explanation is that they be forced to move if food supplies have crashed (push hypothesis). Little attention has been devoted the alternative idea are drawn towards abundant further (pull hypothesis), even could overwinter north. I evaluat...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits unrestricted noncommercial use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original. British whitebeams (Sorbus aria aggr.; Rosaceae) are an em-blematic case study of...