Global surface temperature records (e.g. HadCRUT4) since 1850 are characterized by climatic oscillations synchronous with specific solar, planetary and lunar harmonics superimposed on a background warming modulation. The latter is related to a long millennial solar oscillation and to changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere (e.g. aerosol and greenhouse gases). However, current gene...

There are several Global Climate Models (GCMs) reported by various countries to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Due to the varied nature of the GCM assumptions, the future projections of the GCMs show high variability which makes it difficult to come up with confident projections into the future. Climate scientists combine these multiple GCMs to minimize the variability an...

[1] A Rossby wave breaking identification method is presented which searches for overturning of absolute vorticity contours on pressure surfaces. The results are compared to those from an analysis of isentropic potential vorticity, and it is demonstrated that both yield similar wave breaking distributions. As absolute vorticity is easily obtained from most model output, we present wave breaking...

INTRODUCTION Plant volatiles (PVOCs) are important targets for studies in natural products, chemotaxonomy and biochemical ecology. The complexity of PVOC profiles often limits research to studies targeting only easily identified compounds. With the availability of mass spectral libraries and recent growth of retention index (RI) libraries, PVOC identification can be achieved using only gas chro...

Discerning the processes influencing geographical patterns of species richness remains one of the central goals of modern ecology. Traditional approaches to exploring these patterns have focused on environmental and ecological correlates of observed species richness. Recently, some have suggested these approaches suffer from the lack of an appropriate null model that accounts for species ranges...

Climate change information is essential for water resources management planning, and the majority of research available uses the global circulation model (GCM) data to project future water balance. Despite the fact that the results of various GCMs are still heterogeneous, it is common to utilize GCM values directly in climate change impact assessment models. To mitigate these limitations, this ...

نخستین گام در راستای تحلیل و ارزیابی ریسک‌های زنجیره تأمین شناسایی این ریسک‌ها است. روش‌های مرسوم بر اساس فیلترهای دستی یا خودکار داده‌­محور ارائه شده فیلتر به‌­دلیل محدودیت‌های نمونه‌گیری دارای مشکلات اعتبارسنجی هستند از طرف دیگر مبتنی داده، داده‌های ریسک که پیچیده مبهم هستند، عملکرد ضعیفی دارند. برای پرکرده خلل پژوهشی، پژوهش، چارچوبی تعاملی بین تحلیل‌­گر ماشین حجم وسیعی حوزه مواد غذایی با است...

During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Western North America experienced episodes of intense aridity that persisted for multiple decades or longer. These megadroughts are well documented in many proxy records, but the causal mechanisms are poorly understood. General circulation models (GCMs) simulate megadroughts, but do not reproduce the temporal clustering of events during the MCA, sugges...

Many features of the general circulation of the atmosphere shift upward in response to warming in simulations of climate change with both general circulation models (GCMs) and cloud-system-resolving models. The importance of the upward shift is well known, but its physical basis and the extent to which it occurs coherently across variables are not well understood. A transformation is derived he...