MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded 17- to 27-nucleotide RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional silencing of target mRNAs. Here, we transformed rat 9L gliosarcoma cells to express cel-miR-67, a miRNA that lacks homology in rat. Coculture of these cells with cells that expressed a luciferase reporter that contained a complementary sequence to cel-miR-67 resulted in ...

Carboxyl ester lipase (bile salt-stimulated lipase) is a pancreatic enzyme capable of hydrolyzing esters of cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins. It also efficiently digests triglycerides (TG) into free fatty acids and glycerol and is abundant in the milk of humans and several other species. We used the mouse as a model to test the hypothesis that milk-derived carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) digest...

The first formal classification of chronic myeloid neoplasms is credited to William Dameshek, who in 1951 described the concept of "myeloproliferative disorders (MPD)" by grouping together chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid malignancies included ...

Five commercially available immunoassays were evaluated for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci in cloacal and conjunctival swabs from industrially raised turkeys: IMAGEN (DAKO Diagnostics, Ely, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom), Chlamydia CEL-VET IF (Cellabs, Brookvale, Australia), IDEIA (DAKO Diagnostics), CELISA (Cellabs), and CLEARVIEW (Unipath, Bedford, United Kingdom). Results were compared...

Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated host immunity plays a central role in combating microbial pathogens in plants. Inactivation of SA-mediated immunity, therefore, would be a critical step in the evolution of a successful plant pathogen. It is known that mutations in conserved effector loci (CEL) in the plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae (the Delta CEL mutation), Erwinia amylovora (the dspA/E mutati...

The inflammatory microenvironment plays an important role in the process of tumor development. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, has a significant role in this process. Natural medicinal products such as Withaferin A (WA) and Celastrol (Cel) have shown anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties that can be attributed to multiple mechanisms including, but not li...

Dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode causing infection and heartworm disease in dogs and other canids, cats, and occasionally in humans. Prevention with macrocyclic lactones (ML) is recommended during the mosquito transmission season. Recently, ML resistance has been reported. ABC-B transporter genes are thought to be involved in the mechanism of ML resistance in other nematodes. This stu...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide expressed in the brain, where it may act as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter contributing to different behavioral processes and stress responses. PACAP is highly expressed in the amygdala, a subcortical brain area involved in both innate and learned fear, suggesting a role for PACAP-mediated signaling i...

Howles, Philip N., Grant N. Stemmerman, Cecilia M. Fenoglio-Preiser, and David Y. Hui. Carboxyl ester lipase activity in milk prevents fat-derived intestinal injury in neonatal mice. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G653–G661, 1999.—Carboxyl ester lipase (bile saltstimulated lipase) is a pancreatic enzyme capable of hydrolyzing esters of cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamin...