The European travelers' reports on the Sufi-era Sufism contain exquisite and valuable details as they are written out of the requirements of official historiography. Designed in a descriptive-analytical way, this article attempts to evaluate the reports of the travelers as compared to the works of dissidents, sympathizers, and Sufi scholars. The result showed that the travelers, due to their li...

In some Sufi hagiographies a dialogue between a Sufi man and a mystic woman is narrated, in most of which the woman is nameless and called so as well- Majhoolah al-Asmā‘a-. According to certain narratives, while the Sufi man is in the state of meditation or ecstacy, the woman appears into an imaginary figure and solves his spiritual problems and guides him upon the Path. There are some simila...