A method for the simultaneous measurement of velocity and passive scalar concentration fields by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced florescence (PLIF) techniques is described here. An application of the combined PIV-PLIF system is demonstrated by performing simultaneous velocity and concentration measurements in the near field of a turbulent jet mixing flow. The ...

Experimental dual plane particle image velocimetry (PIV) data are assessed using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of a similar flow with the aim of studying the effect of averaging within the interrogation window. The primary reason for the use of dual plane PIV is that the entire velocity gradient tensor and hence the full vorticity vector can be obtained. One limitation of PIV is the li...

We describe the results from a human clinical trial of a dengue virus serotype-1, purified-inactivated vaccine (DENV-1 PIV) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. This first-in-man, Phase 1, open-label clinical trial consisted of two groups of flavivirus-naïve healthy adult volunteers that received two intramuscular vaccine doses of either 2.5 μg or 5 μg of DENV-1 PIV administered on days 0 and 28...

Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is well established as a fluid dynamics measurement tool, being capable of non-intrusively and concurrently measuring a distributed velocity filed. Yet the intensive computational requirements of PIV limit its usage almost exclusively to off-line processing, analysis and modelling. This paper proposes hardware implementation of the cross-correlation algo...

MHC class II (MHCII) molecules play a pivotal role in the induction and regulation of immune responses. The transcriptional coactivator class II transactivator (CIITA) controls MHCII expression. The CIITA gene is regulated by three independent promoters (pI, pIII, pIV). We have generated pIV knockout mice. These mice exhibit selective abrogation of interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced MHCII expressio...

A laminar boundary layer separates in a region of adverse pressure gradient, undergoes transition, and finally the turbulent boundary layer reattaches, forming a laminar separation bubble (LSB). Laminar-turbulent transition within such a LSB is investigated by means of Laser-Doppler-Anemometry (LDA), Particle Image Velocimetry (mono PIV and stereoscopic PIV (SPIV)) and direct numerical simulati...

The creation of the accurate transparent flow passage is essential to analyze the flow inward a geometrically complex flow passage like human airway by PIV. We have established the procedure to create a transparent box containing a model of the human airway for PIV measurements. A flow passage includes the whole human upper airway, nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and 2 generations of bronchi. ...

The aim of the study is the application and validation of an adjoint based data assimilation method for the determination of timedependent pressure fields from velocity data obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The method is based on the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations. No additional constraints like incompressibility or adiabatic flow conditions are necessary. The technique ...

The complete nucleotide sequences of the matrix protein (M) genes of parainfluenza virus types 4A and 4B (PIV-4A and -4B) were determined from cDNA of the mRNA, and found to be 1548 bases in length, exclusive of poly(A) sequences. The sequences contained a large open reading frame of 1146 nucleotides encoding 362 amino acids. A high degree of identity (96.1%) was observed between the amino acid...

This chapter describes the development of a new time resolved 3D PIV technique for near wall flow field measurements. This measurement technique, called wall-PIV, is based on Beer-Lambert’s law. It substitutes the classical PIV laser sheet by a diffuse, monochromatic full-field illumination that is limited to the near wall region by an absorbing molecular dye in the fluid. Aimed range of applic...