PURPOSE We hypothesized that parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) would be more severe in small for gestational age (SGA) compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one VLBW infants were diagnosed as PNAC with exposure to parenteral nutrition with elevation of direct bilirubin≥2 mg/dL for ≥14 days. Twenty...

OBJECTIVE We wanted to compare customised and population standards for defining smallness for gestational age (SGA) in the assessment of perinatal mortality risk associated with parity and maternal size. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Sweden. POPULATION Swedish Birth Registry database 1992-1995 with 354 205 complete records. METHOD Coefficients were derived and applied to...

PURPOSE The outcomes of small for gestational age (SGA) infants especially in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) are controversial. This study evaluated the mortality and morbidity of ELBWIs, focusing on whether or not they were also SGA. METHODS The medical records of 415 ELBWIs (birth weight <1,000 g), who were inborn and admitted to the Samsung Medical Center neonatal intensive ca...

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is prevalent in many countries where small-for-gestational age (SGA) and premature delivery are also common. However, the associations between maternal HIV, preterm delivery and SGA infants remain unclear. We estimate the prevalence of SGA and preterm (<37 weeks) births, their associations with antenatal maternal HIV infection and their contribution...

BACKGROUND The intrauterine environment may have a lifelong impact on individuals' health. However, results on the relationship between birth size and gonadal function are conflicting, and it remains unknown whether reproductive function is altered in adults born small for gestational age (SGA). The aim of the present study was to compare the fertility of young adults from the general populatio...

OBJECTIVE To compare the rates of obesity, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes between second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)-treated and -naive youth. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted for all child and adolescent psychiatry emergency admissions over 2.5 years. Data collected included age, sex, psychiatric diagnosis, medications, height, weight, fasting glucos...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the differences in urinary nephrin among controls, gravidas with preeclampsia (PE), and small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants. We also determined whether or not maternal urinary concentrations of nephrin are associated with the subsequent development of PE and SGA infants. METHODS We analyzed maternal urinary levels of nephrin in women ...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Small-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth increases risk of development of adult obesity and insulin resistance. A model of SGA rat offspring has been shown to exhibit increased adipose tissue expression of a key adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and increased fatty acid de novo synthesis during the nursing period,...

A comparative study of the recently proposed Scout algorithm (Scout O) [1] and the standard genetic algorithm (SGA) is presented. The main results are: update rules can be given, for which Scout O performs similar to SGA; schemata of SGA can be identi ed for Scout O as well; and Scout O ful lls Hollands admissible detector con guration paradigm [2], a necessary pre-cursor of SGA-like algorithms.

BACKGROUND Small for gestational age (SGA) is not only a major indicator of perinatal mortality and morbidity, but also the morbidity risks in later in life. We aim to estimate the association between the birth of SGA infants and the risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes among twenty-nine countries in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia in 359 health facilities in 2010-11. M...