AIMS To investigate the intraocular penetration of vancomycin eye drops and to compare the conventional method of drop instillation to the lower cul de sac with applying drops to the medial canthus with closed lids. METHODS This prospective randomised trial evaluated 53 eyes of 53 patients who had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens implantation. Vancomyci...

Tissues that generate specialized cell types in a production line must coordinate developmental mechanisms with physiological demand, although how this occurs is largely unknown. In the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite, the developmental sex-determination cascade specifies gamete sex in the distal germline, while physiological sperm signaling activates MPK-1/ERK in the proximal germline to ...

Members of the AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) family use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to disrupt protein complexes involved in many cellular processes. Here, we report that FIGL-1 (Fidgetin-like 1), the single Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of mammalian fidgetin and fidgetin-like 1 AAA-ATPases, controls progression through mitosis in the germ line and the ear...

Exper iments conducted by Dr. Carrel in this labora tory revealed t ha t chicken fibroblasts underwent a ve ry characterist ic change when cul t ivated in serum which had been submit ted to irradiat ion b y cathode rays. The cells resembled in appearance those of colonies cul t ivated in proteoses or peptones. Their cytoplasm was completely filled with granulations but , unlike degenerating cel...

Place learning behaviour for working (short term) memory and reference (long term) memory is studied with the Four-arm radial open maze (FAROM) in 18 rats divided equally in three groups. In group I, 0.5 mg of atropine was injected intra-peritoneally 30 minutes before the trial. In group II, saline and in group III Glycopyrrolate were injected instead. Twenty three hours hungry animals were tes...

RIC-3 is a member of a conserved family of proteins that affect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor maturation. In yeast and in vitro, BATH-42, a BTB- and MATH-domain-containing protein, interacts with RIC-3. BATH-42 is also known to interact with the CUL-3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Loss of BATH-42 function leads to increased RIC-3 expression and decreased activity of nicotinic acetylcholine recep...

OBJECTIVE The scarred or obliterated anterior cul-de-sac may pose a challenge to hysterectomy by any route. Conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy is fraught with technical limitations that limit the ability to compensate for the altered anatomy. This study will evaluate the feasibility of applying robot-assisted laparoscopy to managing these patients. METHODS Six patients with suspected pelv...

BACKGROUND The SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex targets the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of proteins in multiple dynamic cellular processes. A key SCF component is the Skp1 protein that functions within the complex to link the substrate-recognition subunit to a cullin that in turn binds the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. In contrast to yeast and humans, Caenorhabditis elegans contains multiple exp...

p97 (CDC-48 in Caenorhabditis elegans) is a ubiquitin-selective AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) chaperone and its key function is to disassemble protein complexes. p97 functions in diverse cellular processes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, membrane fusion, and meiotic and mitotic progression. However, its cellular functions in development h...

BXSB mice have an approximately 40-60% incidence of neocortical ectopias in layer I of the prefrontal/motor cortex. Prior studies have found major behavioral differences between those with ectopias and their non-ectopic littermates. Some of these findings indicate that the two groups differ with respect to spatial reference and working memory. The purpose of this study was to measure reference ...