2.2. Assembly Strategies 139 2.2.1. Linear Assembly 139 2.2.2. Convergent Assembly 139 2.2.3. Elaborative and Mixed Assembly Strategies 139 2.2.4. Native Ligation Assembly 140 3. Chemical Glycoprotein Synthesis 143 3.1. Indiscriminate Convergent Glycosylation 143 3.2. Chemoselective and Site-Specific Glycosylation 145 3.3. Site-Selective Glycosylation 147 3.4. Native Ligation Assembly 151 4. En...

Defects in cilia cause a spectrum of diseases known as ciliopathies. Nephronophthisis, a ciliopathy, is the most common genetic cause of renal disease. Here, I cloned and analysed a nephronophthisis-related gene ift-139 in Caenorhabditis elegans. ift-139 was exclusively expressed in ciliated neurons in C. elegans. Genetic and cellular analyses suggest that ift-139 plays a role in retrograde int...

Increasing evidence highlights the important roles of microRNAs in mediating p53's tumor suppression functions. Here, we report miR-139-5p as another new p53 microRNA target. p53 induced the transcription of miR-139-5p, which in turn suppressed the protein levels of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), an oncogenic protein involved in multiple tumor promoting processes. Knockdown of p53 reversed these...

The autoreactive T cells that escape central tolerance and form the peripheral self-reactive repertoire determine both susceptibility to autoimmune disease and the epitope dominance of a specific autoantigen. SJL (H-2 s ) mice are highly susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). The two major encephalitogenic epitopes ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators involved in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The functions and mechanisms of the miRNAs involved in CRC progress and metastasis are largely unknown. In this study, miRNA microarray analysis was performed to screen crucial miRNAs involved in CRC progress, and miR-139-5p was chosen for further study. The functional roles of miR-139-5p...

Thyroid cancer is the most common tumour of the endocrine system, and its incidence rate has markedly increased over the past several decades. Aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are reportedly involved in the formation and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by regulating their target genes. Thus, miRNAs may be potential molecular biomarkers for the prediction and prognosis of...

The search of new substrates with pharmaceutical and industrial potential for biocatalysts including cytochrome P450 enzymes is always challenging. Cytochrome P450 BM3 mutant 139-3, a versatile biocatalyst, exhibited hydroxylation activities towards fatty acids and alkanes. However, there were limited reports about its hydroxylation activity towards steroids. Herein, an Escherichia coli-based w...

Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1), the receptor of VEGF/PIGF, is associated with cancer angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Although the high expression of Flt1 in glioma is identified, its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that miR‑139‑5p inhibits Flt1 expression mediated by binding its 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) to regulate the progression of human ...