Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has played a critical role in public policy for more than 50 years. CBA goes beyond financial analysis which considers direct monetary costs and revenues. It enables policy makers to assess whether a policy initiative or project will provide a net community benefit, taking into account that the (limited) resources deployed in implementing the initiative or project ha...

From a panel of nine inbred mice strains intranasally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 2 strain, BALB/c mice were resistant and CBA/Ca and SJL mice were susceptible to infection. Further investigation revealed that BALB/c mice were able to prevent proliferation of pneumococci in the lungs and blood, whereas CBA/Ca mice showed no bacterial clearance. Rapidly increasing numbers of bact...

Introduction: We aimed to study the procedural characteristics, efficacy and safety of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) versus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to clinical trials comparing CBA and RFA ...

In previous studies show cryoballoon ablation (CBA) and radiofrequency (RFA) are similar results. However, RFA technology has progressed in few years, lesion size assessment module developed to improve durability. The aim of this study was compare clinical outcome guided by prediction second or fourth-generation CBA patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). We enrolled 1905 PAF (65.2 ...

BACKGROUND Detection and validation of inhibitors (antibodies) to hemophilia treatment products are important for clinical care, evaluation of product safety and assessment of population trends. METHODS Centralized monitoring for factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors was conducted for patients in the Hemophilia Inhibitor Research Study using a previously reported modified Nijmegen-Bethesda clotting ...

Abstract This paper sets out to explore what extent integrating employment effects, equity, and risk aversion within cost–benefit analysis (CBA) affect the economic appraisal of a climate change adaptation project designed protect against flood in region Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain). Four CBAs are conducted: (i) standard CBA; (ii) CBA considering equity; (iii) equity employment; (iv) aversion...

TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the recent invited article on polymyxins (colistin and polymyxin B) by Kassamali et al [1] and agree that wisdom does not always come with age. As discussed at the recent international conference on poly-myxins in Prato, Italy [2], there is much to be done to improve the official phar-macopoeial monographs for the poly-myxins, an important goal supported by K...

While teaching in all its forms can sometimes be fun, for most people marking student work is tedious, boring and in general hard work. A courseware system is presented that not only provides on-line support for courses, but importantly can automatically assess student work. CourseMaster can mark several types of coursework in a non-trivial manner. That is, criteria can be set against which the...