5,6-Dimethylxanthenon-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) is a new antitumor drug currently undergoing clinical trial. Administration of DMXAA to mice with tumors leads to cessation of tumor blood flow and the onset of tumor hemorrhagic necrosis, accompanied by the production of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Previous studies have shown that DMXAA induces both tumor and host cells to synthesize TN...

Piguet, P.F., Grau, G.E. & Vassalli, P. (1990). Subcutaneous perfusion of tumor necrosis factor induces local proliferation of fibroblasts, capillaries, and epidermal cells, or massive tissue necrosis. Am. J. fathot., 136, 103-I 10. Piguet, P.F., Grau, G.E., Allet, B. & Vassalli, P. (1987), Tumor necrosis factor is an effector of skin and gut lesions of the acute phase of graft-versus-host dise...

The cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in airway hyper-responsiveness are unclear. Current studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a cytokine that is produced in considerable quantities in asthmatic airways, may potentially be involved in the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness by directly altering the contractile properties of the airway smooth muscle...

The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Spirulina platensis (S.platensis) by measuring the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-|γ| in mice suffered from systemic candidiasis and breast cancer. Theaqueous extract of S. platensis was selected for this study. Balb/C female mice were inoculated withCand...

By using LNCaP and its derivative cell lines, we first observed an association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) resistance and hormone independence. Moreover, we found that the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) was reduced in androgen deprivation-independent cells compared with that in androgen deprivation-dependent cells. TRADD is a cru...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a protein synthesized and secreted by mononuclear phagocytes in response to stimulation with bacterial endotoxin and other agents . Originally TNF was defined functionally as the factor in postendotoxin serum from Propionibacterium acnes-treated mice that mediated hemorrhagic necrosis of established fibrosarcomas in recipient mice (1). More recently, it has been e...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) protein and messenger (m)RNA distribution was studied in biopsy samples of glial brain tumors, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization with molecular probes, to investigate the role of this cytokine in tumor proliferation and immunological host defense. Focal expression of TNF alpha was detected in four of four glioblastomas, one of two anapl...

Abstract The therapeutic approach to immune-mediated diseases including Crohn's disease has dramatically improved with the introduction of immunomodulators such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF). However, its use is not complication-free, and since introduction, a growing number opportunistic infections being reported in patients under treatment despite all preventive measures taken. Herein, ...