INTRODUCTION Estimates of genetic covariance matrices, ΣG, are known to be afflicted by substantial sampling errors, increasing markedly with the number of traits considered. ‘Regularization’, i.e. modification of estimators to reduce sampling variation at the expense of a small, additional bias, has been advocated to obtain estimates closer to the population values. An early suggestion by Haye...

... Introduc3on 1st par. ... tions with the DNA, but can o be rec gnized by the ta get site. I the activ conform tion, he pr t in is r cognized by the target site but has very rugged energy surface elsewher on the DNA. Following Zwanzig (29), diffusion n the rugged en rgy surface is equivalent to diffusion with a reduced, eff ctive diffusion constant on the smooth average energy surface. We ...

We show that for each integer g ≥ 0 there is a constant cg > 0 such that every graph that embeds in the projective plane with sufficiently large face–width r has crossing number at least cgr 2 in the orientable surface Σg of genus g. As a corollary, we give a polynomial time constant factor approximation algorithm for the crossing number of projective graphs with bounded degree.

The 1(3)Σu (-)←X(3)Σg (-) transition of linear HC5H (A) has been observed in a neon matrix and gas phase. The assignment is based on mass-selective experiments, extrapolation of previous results of the longer HC2n+1H homologues, and density functional and multi-state CASPT2 theoretical methods. Another band system starting at 303 nm in neon is assigned as the 1(1)A1←X˜(1)A1 transition of the cu...

The UV-Vis absorption spectrum and LIF emission spectrum of I2 were found for the purpose of gaining information about the energy of the ground X( 1 Σg + ) and excited B( 3 Π0u + ) states. This information was compared to information obtained from the Gaussian program which uses quantum mechanical calculations and numerical approximations to predict electronic energy levels. The iodine molecule...

We shall give an axiomatic construction of Wess-Zumino-Witten actions valued in G = SU(N), N ≥ 3. It is realized as a functor WZ from the category of conformally flat four-dimensional manifolds to the category of line bundles with connection that satisfies, besides the axioms of a topological field theory, the axioms which abstract WessZumino-Witten actions. To each conformally flat four-dimens...

Using large-scale hydrodynamic simulations with heuristic criteria for galaxy formation, we investigate how the galaxy field is related to physical parameters, such as the mass density and the gas temperature. We find that the relation between the galaxy and mass density fields is a function of scale. The bias b(R) ≡ σg(R)/σ(R), where σg(R) is the variance of galaxy counts in spheres of radius ...

A detailed characterization of the interaction between the most abundant molecules in air is important for the understanding of a variety of phenomena in atmospherical science. A completely ab initio global potential energy surface (PES) for the O2((3)Σg(–)) + N2((1)Σg(+)) interaction is reported for the first time. It has been obtained with the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory utilizing a ...

and Applied Analysis 3 and satisfy the condition ∂ ∂θ ( arg f ( re )) Re { zh′ − zg ′ h g } > α 1.8 in D, where 0 ≤ α < 1. For two analytic functions f1 and f2, if f1 z ∞ ∑ j 1 ajz j , f2 z ∞ ∑ j 1 Ajz j , 1.9 then the convolution of f1 and f2 is defined by ( f1 ∗ f2 ) z f1 z ∗ f2 z ∞ ∑ j 1 ajAjz j . 1.10 By using the convolution, in 16 , Ali et al. introduced the class SH φ, σ, α of harmonic m...