Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a DNA damage-associated chronic inflammatory disease; the double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway participates in UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer carcinogenesis. The DSB/interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) can induce PD-L1 expression transcriptionally. However, association of PD-L1/DSB/IRF-1 with sporadic colorectal (SCRC), and cancer, remains elus...

*Correspondence to: Stefan Jentsch; Email: [email protected] Submitted: 06/03/2013; Accepted: 06/05/2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.25836 Comment on: Renkawitz J, et al. Mol Cell 2013; 50:261-72; PMID:23523370; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.02.020 DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic types of DNA damage, as their inaccurate repair results in mutations and c...

Progressive DNA damage and worsening aneuploidy are associated with the development of highly aggressive CTCL. We immunostained MF skin lesions for phosphorylated double-strand break repair genes γH2AX 53BP1 phosphorylated/activated ATM (pATM) found that ongoing breaks were frequent within malignant T cells even in clinically stable lesions. IL-6, a product senescent cells, is second most expre...

Radiation accidents frequently involve acute high dose partial body irradiation leading to victims with radiation sickness and cutaneous radiation syndrome that implements radiation-induced cell death. Cells that are not lethally hit seek to repair ionizing radiation (IR) induced damage, albeit at the expense of an increased risk of mutation and tumor formation due to misrepair of IR-induced DN...

background: h2ax is a histone variant that is systematically found and ubiquitously distributed throughout the genome. dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) induce phosphorylation of h2ax at serine 139 (γh2ax), an immunocytochemical assay with antibodies recognizing γh2ax has become the gold standard for the detection of dsbs. the importance of this assay to investigate different individual responses...

High expression of Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) has been found to confer cancer cell radio- and chemoresistance, however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, by using Aurora-A cDNA/shRNA or the specific inhibitor VX680, we show that Aurora-A upregulates cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and anchorage-independent growth to enhance cell resistance to cisplatin and X-ray ir...

BACKGROUND Carbon ions ((12)C(6+)) are high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation characterized by higher relative biological effectiveness than low LET radiation. The assessment of tumour radiosensitivity would be particularly useful in optimizing the radiation dose during radiotherapy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential value of the neutral comet assay and γH2AX foci ...

Abstract Background Genomic instability is a hallmark of various cancers, and DNA repair an essential process for maintaining genomic integrity. Mammalian cells have developed mechanisms in response to damage. Compared the cellular damage, vivo damage (DDR) specific tissues has not been studied extensively. Objective In this study, mice were exposed whole-body gamma (γ)-irradiation evaluate DDR...

OBJECTIVE Deficits of β-cells characterize the islet pathology in type 2 diabetes. It is yet to be clear how the β-cell loss develops in type 2 diabetes. We explored the implication of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-induced stress, and autophagy deficit in the β-cell decline in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pancreases from recent autopsy cases of...