The 5’-flanking regions (promoters) of the bovine αs1-, αs2and β-casein genes were analysed for DNA sequence variants using PCR/RFLP in Polish Red (PR) and Black-and-White (BW) cattle. The polymorphic sites occurred at positions –1084 and –186 in the promoter region of the αs2-casein gene and at –728 and –109 in the αs1and β-casein genes, respectively. These polymorphic sites were located withi...

Transgenic animals have become important tools for the production of therapeutic proteins in the domestic animal. Production efficiencies of transgenic animals by conventional methods as microinjection and retrovirus vector methods are low, and the foreign gene expression levels are also low because of their random integration in the host genome. In this study, we investigated the homologous re...

this study investigated the effect of season (wet and dry) on milk composition of the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). milk samples representing the wet and dry seasons were analyzed for total solids (ts), fat (f), solids-non-fat (snf), ash, crude protein (cp), nitrogen soluble at ph 4.6 (sn), mineral content (mc) and casein fraction (cnf). camel milk had higher (p<0.05) fat content in th...

VÍTKOVÁ M., RAUCH P., FUKAL L. (2002): Optimisation of indirect competitive ELISAs of α-, β-, and κ-caseins for the recognition of thermal and proteolytic treatment of milk and milk products. Czech J. Food Sci., 20: 53–62. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against six immunogens (three native and three thermally treated casein fractions: α+β-casein, κ-casein and whole casein). Using these antib...

Foods that have a low glycaemic index or foods that contain slowly digestible starch are beneficial in controlling fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels. The study hypothesis is that gelatinisation of starch in structured casein networks provides a method for decreasing the digestion rate of the starch and, hence, minimising postprandial glucose fluctuations. This study examined the ...

In fresh milk, plasminogen, the zymogen form of plasmin (PL), is the predominant form. Therefore, plasminogen activators (PA) can contribute significantly to PL activity in milk. Both tissue-type PA (tPA) and urokinase-type PA (uPA) exist in milk; however, contradictory findings have been reported for which type of PA is most closely associated with the casein micelles. Little is known about th...

Milk is a heterogeneous fluid in which the colloidal phase is homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous phase. Calcium is partitioned between the colloidal and aqueous phases and is in complex electrochemical equilibrium with several major milk components. In human and bovine milk, calcium is mainly distributed between the aqueous and casein micelle in the colloidal phases (Holt & Jenness, 1984; N...

A variety of proteins contributes greatly to the unique nutritional and functional quality of dairy cow milk. Particularly, milk casein content and composition have substantial influence on the processing capabilities. In the present study, milk of 23 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, grouped as high(3.49 ± 0.05%; n = 11) and low-protein (3.03 ± 0.05%; n = 12) cows, was sampled approximately ...