Constraints on angles of Unitarity triangle are reviewed, and in particular constraint on γ from limit on ∆m s is emphasized. Effects of penguin diagram on measurement of β and α are then reviewed. New measurements on B → π + π − in QCD improved factorization approximation suggest large penguin effects. It is possible to estimate the error in measurement of α as a function of γ for different |V...

CP violation, fermion masses and mixing angles including that of neutrinos are studied in an SUSY SO(10)×∆(48)× U(1) model with small tan β. The family symmetry ∆(48) associated with a simple scheme of U(1) charge assignment on various fields concerned in superpotential leads to unique Yukawa coupling matrices with zero textures. Thirteen parameters involving masses and mixing angles in the qua...

In this parameterization the elements Vub = Aλ 3(ρ− iη) = |Vub|e and Vtd = Aλ(1 − (ρ + iη)) = |Vtd|e are complex and we can represent the unitarity triangle in the ρ− η plane, or normalizing the base of this triangle to 1, in the ρ̄− η̄ plane as shown in Figure 1 where (ρ̄ = (1− λ/2)ρ and η̄ = (1− λ/2)η. In the Wolfenstein approximation Vtb = 1 and Vts = −Vcb. The angles of the triangle, β = − arg ...

Unlike our basic theories of space and time, quantum mechanics is not a locally causal theory. Moreover, it is widely believed that any hopes of restoring local causality within a realistic theory have been undermined by Bell’s theorem and its supporting experiments. By contrast, we provide a strictly local, deterministic, and realistic explanation for the correlations observed in two such supp...

Attempts to describe the geometry about three-coordinate silver(i) complexes have proven difficult because interatomic angles generally vary wildly and there is no adequate or readily available classification system found in the literature. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database shows that complexes formed between any metal centre and three non-metal donors (18 001 examples) usually adop...

The protonation constants of alanine and alanine methyl ester were determined in different aqueous solutions of 1,4-dioxane containing (0-50% v/v), using a potentiometric method at 25o C and constant ionic strength 0.1 mol.L-1 (NaCl). The protonation constants were analyzed in terms of Kamlet, Abboud and Taft (KAT) parameters. The results show that the effect of β is higher in comparison with t...

This paper is concerned with the problem of approximating a homeomorphism by piecewise affine homeomorphisms. The main result is as follows: every homeomorphism from a planar domain with a polygonal boundary to R that is globally Hölder continuous of exponent α ∈ (0, 1], and whose inverse is also globally Hölder continuous of exponent α can be approximated in the Hölder norm of exponent β by pi...

The role of the rigidity of a peptide chain in its equilibrium dynamics is investigated within a realistic model with stringent microscopically derived coupling interaction potential and effective on-site potential. The coupling interaction characterizing the chain rigidity and the effective on-site potentials are calculated for three main types of protein secondary structure. The coupling inte...