This paper reports on the precipitation behaviour and microstructural evolution in ~20% cold rolled NbMoV and V single microalloyed low carbon steels during intercritical annealing. The microstructure and precipitation behaviour were studied by optical and scanning/transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis, X-ray diffraction technique and Vickers hardness testing. After intercritical a...

Duplex stainless steels (DSSS) have a microstructure composed of ferrite and austenite phases that gives them a very good combination of mechanical and corrosion properties. These steels are desirable for many applications in the chemical and petrochemical industries. In the present study, a type of stainless steel was cast, solution annealed at 1200°C for 60 min and then quenched in water. Ini...

Al-7Si-0.4Mg alloys are one of the most commonly applied aluminum in various casting processes. In this study, 0.06%, 0.14% and 0.20% Zr added to gravity cast alloys. The microstructural analysis as-cast with shows formation (Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti) ?-Fe phases. Compared without Zr, have finer grains; additionally, a small secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) is obtained proper content. After T6 heat t...

This study focused on the effect of electro slag remelting process (ESR) on microstructure and composition of an as-cast alloy of Cu-Cr-Zr. These observations revealed that applying ESR process results in a more uniform distribution of alloying elements, however a slight aggregation of large precipitates and inclusions existed in as-cast ingot was found. Additionally, impurities like P, S and M...

Microalloyed steels have a maximum of 2% in alloying elements and are used the automotive petrochemical industries. The microstructure mechanical properties these depend on chemical composition, processing addition molybdenum, niobium, titanium vanadium. To evaluate molybdenum effect properties, two microalloyed steels, with similar levels vanadium, were prepared forged. 0.056 0.160 percent by ...

The effects of alloy production method on microstructure and hence fatigue crack growth rate and fracture mechanism have been examined for a variety of fine-grained/high dispersoid Al-Li-Mg-Zr and Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys. Microstructures have been assessed by scanning and transmission electron microcopy, together with electron back scattered diffraction pattern assessment. In these fine-grained/h...

The study discusses the microstructure and mechanical properties of eight tested 0.3 % C -30 % Ni 18 % Cr cast steels stabilized with niobium and titanium after annealing in the cycle of 900 °C / 300 h. The niobium content in the cast steels varied from 0.0 to 2.0 % and that of titanium from 0.0 to 1.2 % by weight. Microstructure was examined using both light microscope and a scanning electron ...

Industrial and experimental induction furnaces are used for melting various types of iron ingots, returned scraps and DRI sponge pellets to produce high purity cast - iron and steel heats. The lowest consumption of electrical energy determined for continuous feeding operation is 0.3 KWH/Kg for the production of cast - iron in a 1.5 - ton industrial furnace and 0.45 KWH/Kg for the production of ...