BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant species composition in wetlands and on lakeshores often shows dramatic zonation, which is frequently ascribed to differences in flooding tolerance. This study compared the growth responses to water depth of three species (Phormium tenax, Carex secta and Typha orientalis) differing in depth preferences in wetlands, using non-linear and quantile regression analyses to es...

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has long been recognized as a powerful, yet computationally intensive, methodology for stochastic parameter estimation. Three improvements to traditional algorithms are presented and applied to heterogeneous transmissivity estimation. First, the costly EKF covariance updates are replaced by more efficient approximations. Second, the zonation structure of the dis...

flood is considered as a major threat among natural disasters in the world. this case becomes more important and has a higher risk in urban areas due to the existence of important uses. therefore, to reduce damages resulted from flood, this phenomenon must be managed and planned using structural and non-structural approaches. considering the development in iran has been carried out in high risk...

this paper is devoted to compiling a site geology map for town of amiriyeh, from seismic macro-zonation point of view using geophysical methods of shallow seismic, down-hole seismic and resistivity surveys. in this map site geology has been classified based on shear wave velocity, according to the criteria for site geology classification offered in the iranian code of practice for seismic resis...

In this chapter several approaches towards zonation and continuity of biocommunities in streams are analyzed. In older literature, rivers were described in well defined stretches from source to mouth. The biocommunities were described as entities in those stretches. Later, American scientists claimed that a river is a continuum with gradually changing conditions and henceforth gradually changin...

Goudemand et al. replot a subset of our well-constrained data using a new Early Triassic biostratigraphic scheme based on a lower-resolution ammonoid zonation scheme and hypothetical ammonoid-conodont correlation to produce a less distinct seawater temperature history. We dispute their unsubstantiated correlation and, consequently, their allegations.

The strengths of biological processes (e.g., larval settlement, competition, predation, distribution of food resources) and physical factors (e.g., desiccation, freezing, salinity fluctuations) can be correlated with tidal height and may contribute to the vertical zonation of many rocky intertidal organisms. Habitat structural complexity has also been shown to influence the density and diversit...