There has been insufficient evidence on whether exposure to hypnotics affects the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine patients with nonapnea sleep disorders using zolpidem, benzodiazepines (BZDs), or a combination of both, and their risk of T2DM. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from 1997 to 2011. Data from the Taiwan National He...

BACKGROUND Several epidemiological and experimental studies have found a positive association between the risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and use of zopiclone and benzodiazepines. There is, however, little evidence of any risk of MVA attributable to the use of zolpidem 1 day before such accidents. We attempted to determine whether the use of zolpidem 1 day before is associated with an in...

In this letter, the author(s) propose(s) that 'the quantitative findings of zolpidem after a single exposure do not fit in with our daily experience' and that 'Given the risk of misinterpretation of the data of Cui et al., the authors see no reason to support the findings of the Chinese group'. Although markedly different from those reported by Villain et al. (1), the results appear. The method...

In response to stressful events, neonatal mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which are suppressed by BZ agonists. The present study examined the role of the benzodiazepine/alpha1 (BZ/alpha1) receptor subtype in the suppression engendered by the BZ/alpha1-preferring agonist zolpidem and the nonselective BZ agonists triazolam and diazepam. The role of BZ receptor subtypes was explored fur...

Insomnia is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world general population. Therapies used by patients include over-the-counter therapies, herbal and dietary supplements, and pharmacological or nonpharmacological treatments. Among these, zolpidem is a pharmacological treatment popularly used for insomnia. Zolpidem is well tolerated and especially efficacious for initiation of sleep, and theref...

Tolterodine tartrate, is a new, potent and competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist in clinical development for the treatment of urge incontinence and other symptoms of unstable bladder. The purpose of this study is to establish a reliable and quick method for the assignment of tolterodine tartrate by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). A rapid  a...

Background: Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine medication which selectively affects GABAA receptors and treats insomnia. There are numerous reports of psychosis following the consumption of zolpidem all of which recovered after stopping the medication. Case Report: A 27 year old male law student, who was treated with 10 mg zolpidem due to insomnia, increased the dosage to 500 mg during 3 months. ...

We are reporting a case of zolpidem induced multimodal hallucinations in a 22 year old female without any history of psychiatric disorders. Zolpidem, by acting on gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptor has a potential to cause a paradoxical reaction and there also exists a possibility of an induced delirium with its use. This case reports evaluates its potential to cause multimodal hallucinat...

The present work is concerned with application of simple, precise, accurate, reproducible and specific RPHPLC method for estimation of Zolpidem Tartrate (ZPT) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Separation of ZPT was successfully achieved on a Symmetry XTerra C18 (4.6 x 150mm, 5 m) Waters or equivalent in an isocratic mode utilizing Ammonium Acetate Buffer (4.5 pH): Methanol (40:60%v/v) a...

Introduction: Patients with cancer may have many complications involving their psychosomatic systems, such as sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety. Thus, many research studies were conducted to reduce these complications. Zolpidem, as a short-term non-benzodiazepine treatment of insomnia, and melatonin as a chronobiological function-regulatory hormone, are commonly used for improving slee...