Derivatives are alternative financial instruments which extend traders opportunities to achieve some financial goals. They are risk management instruments that are related to a data in the future, and also they react to uncertain prices. Study on pricing futures can provide useful tools to understand the stochastic behavior of prices to manage the risk of price volatility. Thus, this study eval...

Observations of naturally occurring stem rust epidemics and seed yields in perennial ryegrass were taken in 19 field experiments conducted over the course of 9 years. Epidemic severity differed among years and also among experimental treatments (fungicide regimes) within years. In each experiment, attainable yield was represented by the nondiseased treatment, and yields of other treatments were...

For analyzing the harvest of the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery, Griffin et al. (1976) have developed an equation that relates shrimp yield to freshwater discharge of the Mississippi River and fishing effort of Gulf shrimp vessels. The yield equation (referred to as Griffin's equation) is a modified Spillman production function (Heady and Dillon 1972). The Spillman function had its origin in agr...

The synthetic route in this work is based on the classical Friedel-Crafts strategy, and began with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (I), followed by alkylation and selective demethylation of 2-methoxy function in 0x0-acid (3). The orthoformylation to synthesize aldehyde (6) was based on the Reimer-Tieman reaction. Chain extension of this aldehyde required methylation of the hydroxyl group and condensat...

this paper investigates the earing phenomenon in deep drawing of aa3105 aluminum alloy, experimentally and numerically. earing defect is mainly attributed to the plastic anisotropy of sheet metal. in order to control such defect, predicting the evolution of ears in sheet metal forming analyses becomes indispensable. in this regard, the present study implements the advanced yield criterion bbc20...

stomata are closed by moisture stress, reducing carbon assimilation and yield production with dry land agriculture. relative 13c to 12c molar ratio assimilation by a plant is a function of time stomata remain open during plant life time, itself a function of moisture stress. the purpose of this study was to test the existence of any relationship between stomatal conductance and assimilation rat...