Various genotoxic textile dyes, xenobiotics, substrates (10 µM) and agrochemicals (100 µg/ml) were tested for enhancement of alkalophilic laccase activity in γ-proteobacterium JB. Neutral Red, Indigo Carmine, Naphthol Base Bordears and Sulphast Ruby dyes increased the activity by 3.7, 2.7, 2.6 and 2.3 fold respectively. Xenobiotics/substrates like p-toluidine, 8-hydroxyquinoline and anthracine ...

Metabolomics is a discipline aiming to characterize the presence of metabolites in biological matrices under specific conditions. In recent years, metabolomics has increasingly been used environmental research explore metabolic changes humans and organisms diverse exposures, mainly chemical pollutants. Hence, become key tool exposome studies, effects at molecular level exerted by xenobiotics. T...

Xenobiotics are worldwide distributed and humans unavoidably exposed to multiple chemical compounds during life, from preconception adulthood. The human microbiota is mainly settled early life modulate host health fitness. One of the main routes for exposure by intake contaminated food water. Thus, interplay between diet-xenobiotics-microbiota pregnancy perinatal period may have relevant conseq...

Nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) is a recently introduced matrix-free desorption/ionization platform that requires minimal sample preparation. Its application to xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites in tissues is demonstrated, where clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine were observed from mouse and rat brain sections. It has also been applied to direct biofluid analysis where ket...

The lung metabolizes a wide variety of xenobiotics and, in the process, forms products that may be more or less toxic than the parent compound. The consequence of metabolism, activation or detoxication, is a function of the nature of the substrate and of the characteristics and concentrations of the enzymes involved. As a result, the biotransformation of xenobiotics can lead to their excretion ...

The majority of metabolic transformations that xenobiotics undergo in mammalian systems leads to more polar and, in general, less pharmaco-logically and toxicologically potent products. This generalization has led to the proposal that evolutionary factors influencing the emergence of the principal enzymes responsible for the biotransformations of xenobiotics have a link to the improved survival...