Abstract Access to credit is key succeed in business. Theoretical models of under asymmetric information classify borrowers and grant or deny credit, typically based on incentive-compatible contracts with collateral. However, if women are particularly risk averse, female may be wrongly classified denied credit. We conduct three countries a laboratory experiment study this systematic gender diff...

This review aimed to discuss legal reviews related physician malpractice in medical practice. Malpractice is carrying out a profession wrongly or wrongly, which can only form responsibility for the maker if it results loss determined regulated by law. occur all kinds of professions, including profession. Mistakes will criminal civil liability (depending on nature consequences losses incurred) c...

Deciding a patent’s validity is costly, and so is deciding it incorrectly. Judges and juries must expend significant resources in order to reach a patent validity determination that is properly informed by the relevant facts. At the same time, patent validity determinations reached quickly and cheaply may conserve resources today while creating future costs. Wrongly preserving an invalid patent...

The term anxiety state attained notoriety in the recent war, as shell shock did in days gone by. Each came to be used casually as a label for practically every form of mental disability and for other conditions as well. This had serious results in the I9I4-I8 war, as many patients, being wrongly diagnosed, were wrongly treated. The aftermath was seen in the heavy burden of pensions with its ine...

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are a popular approach to quantitatively model molecular networks based on biological knowledge. However, such knowledge is typically restricted. Wrongly modelled biological mechanisms as well as relevant external influence factors that are not included into the model are likely to manifest in major discrepancies between model predictions and experimental ...

In A Relative Value Iteration Algorithm for Nondegenerate Controlled Diffusions, [SIAM J. Control Optim., 50 (2012), pp. 1886–1902], convergence of the relative value iteration for the ergodic control problem for a nondegenerate diffusion controlled through its drift was established, under the assumption of geometric ergodicity, using two methods: (a) the theory of monotone dynamical systems an...

Personal predictions are often optimistically biased. This simple observation has troubling implications for psychologists, economists, and decision theorists concerned with rationality and the accuracy of self-knowledge (Armor & Taylor, 2002; Krizan & Windschitl, 2007; Sweeny, Carroll, & Shepperd, 2006). However, normative conclusions about the impropriety of optimistic bias rest on an unteste...

After publication of our article, we found that Kamikuroiwa Iwakage site was wrongly categorized to the Early Jomon phase and counted doubly in the electronic supplementary material; however, the site should belong to the Initial phase. Also, the number of individuals at some sites were slightly wrong. We have therefore modified figure 1, table 1 and the electronic supplementary material (see a...