Most privatization programs begin with a period of partial privatization in which only non-controlling shares of firms are sold on the stock market. Since management control is not transferred to private owners it is widely contended that partial privatization has little impact. This perspective ignores the role that the stock market can play in monitoring and rewarding managerial performance e...

We look at privatization in a general equilibrium model of a small, tariff-distorted, open economy. There is a differentiated good produced by both private and public sector enterprises. A reduction in government production in order to cut losses from such production raises the returns to capital and increases the tariff revenue, which are welfare improving. However, privatization also leads to...

The economic literature shows that privatizing Social Security can improve labor supply incentives, but it can also reduce risk sharing when households face uninsurable risks. We simulate a stylized 50-percent privatization with transaction costs financed by consumption taxes and examined its impact on macroeconomic variables as well as on the welfare across generations and income classes. Our ...

Optical refrigeration may provide the physical basis for solid-state cryocooling. Devices based on this physics would be vibrationless, compact, and free of electromagnetic interference. Having no moving parts and being pumped by a diode lasers, optical refrigerators would be rugged with operating lifetimes of years. Experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory have demonstrated the basic phys...

Animal healthcare services (AHS) are crucial for the profitability and sustainability of smallholder dairy production systems. The deteriorating AHS under the control of public sector has oriented towards privatization of these services. Therefore, any study analyzing the potential impact of privatization in terms of willingness to pay for such services by the rural households and access to pri...

Government ownership may dominate private ownership under government failure. Such dominance disappears as product markets grow mature, giving rise to the need for privatization. Buyers’ limited wealth imposes a constraint on how and when privatization takes place. In particular, firms may be underpriced during privatization, and privatization may take place at a sub-optimal timing which result...

abstract introduction: scientific development is essential for each type of development. the first step for planning is to know present situation. for planning to improve student role in research, we must know how much do they know about research methodology and what kind of attitude they have about it. the aim of this study was to determine isfahan dental students' knowledge and attitude about...