introduction proper cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is one of the most important aspects of endodontic therapy. to estimate the canal length before instrumentation in endodontic treatment, traditionally, conventional radiographic techniques and, recently, direct digital radiography (ddr) are applied. the application of computer technology in radiography has allowed less exposure t...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of basic root canal treatment (BRT) with tactile working length determination in terms of radiographic and clinical outcome parameters compared with endodontic treatment with standard radiographic working length control. METHODS This was a clinical, multicenter, controlled, open-label trial to evaluate BRT effectivene...

http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-10-0134 As the philosophy for fracture management has swung away from reconstruction and rigid fixation towards preservation of fracture biology, and implants that bridge the fracture gap, it has become necessary for surgeons to understand the mechanical properties of the “bridge”, as this will impact the ability of the construct to resist a single high load an...

PURPOSE The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the accuracy of radiographic and electronic root canal length determination methods, compared with actual root canal length obtained with stereomicroscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were used for this study. After access preparation, actual length (AL) of the root canal were determined for each too...

The nineteenth century witnessed far-reaching changes in the nature and organization of industrial production. Traditional non-mechanized establishments artisan shops were displaced by mechanized water or steam-driven plants and extensive division of labor increased the average size of firms (Chandler 1977; Sokoloff 1984). In these new mills and "factories", the centralized nature of motive pow...

BACKGROUND Despite concerns as to whether nurses can perform reliably and effectively when working longer shifts, a pattern of two 12- to 13-hour shifts per day is becoming common in many hospitals to reduce shift to shift handovers, staffing overlap, and hence costs. OBJECTIVES To describe shift patterns of European nurses and investigate whether shift length and working beyond contracted ho...

objectives: the aims of this study were to test whether lightening of the overexposed radiographs improve determination of endodontic files length and whether lightened radiographs are comparable with ideally exposed radiographs. material and methods: four dried human skull coated with soft tissue-equivalent wax used for exposing radiographs of the upper molars. first, the endodontic file was p...

The success of endodontic treatment is highly dependent on the adequate three-dimensional cleaning, shaping, disinfection, and obturation of the root canal system. It is universally accepted that the correct determination of the working length (WL) is one of the crucial steps in the process of a successful treatment. It is believed that root canal preparation and filling should be kept inside t...