The objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of dry matter (DM) accumulation and the evolution of phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil from tillering to the ripe seed stages of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), a widespread annual grassy weed. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and harvested 13 times during the growing season. At each harvest, shoot and root DM and pheno...

The meiotic behavior of pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the F2 and F3 progeny from Triticum timopheevii × hexaploid wild oat was investigated by cytological analysis and sequential C-banding-genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in the present study. A cytological analysis showed that the chromosome numbers of the F2 and F3 progeny ranged from 28 to 41. A large number of univalents, lagging chromo...

Winter cover crops have the potential to increase soil organic C in the corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in the upper Midwest. Management effects on soil C, however, are often difficult to measure because of the spatial variation of soil C across the landscape. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oat (Avena sativa L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), ...

Seed dormancy and resistance to decay are fundamental survival strategies, which allow a population of seeds to germinate over long periods of time. Seeds have physical, chemical, and biological defense mechanisms that protect their food reserves from decay-inducing organisms and herbivores. Here, we hypothesize that seeds also possess enzyme-based biochemical defenses, based on induction of th...

Bird cherry-oat aphid, (Rhopalosiphum padi /L./ (Hemi-ptera, Aphididae), is a holocyclic host-alternating species in temperate climates between wooden bird cherry, Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae) (winter, primary host) and grasses (summer, secondary hosts). In the spring, the aphid hatches from the winter eggs on P. padus and two wingless generations are developed before appearance of winged spring ...

Wild oat has two seeds in a spikelet that they have different physiological behavior in regard of  seed germiantion. The upper seed of spikelet is smaller and has deeper dormancy than the lower seed. The range of temperature for germination is  5˚C  to  25 ˚C  and optimal temperature is 15˚C. Both kinds of seeds showed the more  germination rate in low temperatures so that 5 and 10˚C are better...

The objective of national oat breeding program is to develop the varieties with high yielding, resistant diseases, drought, cold, and heat stresses suitable for different usages (food, feed, forage). To achieve that goal, a total 284 (232 lines + 52 checks) genotypes were tested under rain-fed conditions at yield, advanced elite yield trials conducted between 2008 2012. During consecutive cycle...