Wind power is experiencing steady growth, and wind turbine technologies are continually developing. Currently, power ratings of up to 20 MW are being considered for future wind farms. Offshore applications, which call for the largest and most powerful wind turbines, demand a higher standard of reliability and maintainability. Because they offer better overall efficiencies and higher reliability...

Nowadays, propagation of wind turbines make challenges to supply safe power to the grid. Because of wind speed changes, supervisors are concerned to wind turbines, be able to produce appropriate electric power during the wind speed changes. As a matter of fact, investors are mostly like to invest on offshore wind farms, because of their more stable and continuous wind speed rather than onshore ...

Abstract. Detailed simulation of wind generation as driven by weather patterns is required to quantify the impact on electrical grid power fluctuations in offshore fleets. This paper focuses studying high-installation-density fleets since they present a growing challenge operation and planning systems Europe. The Belgian fleet studied because it has highest density installation Europe 2020, new...

One of the main problems in wind energy conversion system (WECS) is how to achieve maxim‌u‌m output power in different wind speeds. Maximum methods for maximum power point tracking in wind energy conversion syst‌e‌ms require the knowledge of system characteristics and mechanic sensors. So, using these methods practically will follow with high price and an abundant difficulties. In this pape...

US wind power generation has grown significantly over the last decades, in line with number and average size of operating turbines. However, density declined, both measured terms output per rotor swept area as well spacing area. To study this effect, we present a decomposition data for period 2001--2021 examine how changes input system efficiency affected density. Here, refers to amount availab...

Wind power generation is variable and uncertain. In the power systems with high penetration of wind power, determination of equivalent operating reserve is the main concern of systems operator. In this paper, a model is proposed to determine operating reserves in simultaneous market clearing of energy and reserve by stochastic programming based on scenarios generated via Monte Carlo simulation ...

This paper presents a new method to accurately characterize and predict the annual variation of wind conditions. Estimation of the distribution of wind conditions is necessary (i) to quantify the available energy (power density) at a site, and (ii) to design optimal wind farm configurations. We develop a smooth multivariate wind distribution model that captures the coupled variation of wind spe...

This paper reports new contributions to the advancement of wind power uncertainty forecasting beyond the current state-of-the-art. A new kernel density forecast (KDF) method applied to the wind power problem is described. The method is based on the Nadaraya-Watson estimator, and a time-adaptive version of the algorithm is also proposed. Results are presented for different casestudies and compar...

In this study, large-eddy simulations (LESs) were performed to investigate the effects of changing wind direction on the turbine wakes and associated power losses in the Horns Rev offshore wind farm. In the LES framework, the turbulent subgrid-scale stresses are parameterized using a tuning-free Lagrangian scale-dependent dynamic model, and the turbine-induced forces are computed using a dynami...