We consider models for gamma-ray bursts in which a collimated jet expands either into a homogeneous medium or into a stellar wind environment, and calculate the expected afterglow temporal behavior. We show that (i) following a break and a faster decay, afterglows should exhibit a flattening, which may be detectable in both the radio and optical bands; (ii) Only observations at times much short...

This Letter presents the first ab initio, fully electromagnetic, kinetic simulations of magnetized turbulence in a homogeneous, weakly collisional plasma at the scale of the ion Larmor radius (ion gyroscale). Magnetic- and electric-field energy spectra show a break at the ion gyroscale; the spectral slopes are consistent with scaling predictions for critically balanced turbulence of Alfvén wave...

— Our multi-wavelength analysis of GRB 060124 shows the unusual behaviour of the decaying lightcurve as well as supporting the recently proposed phenomenon of long-lasting central engine activity. The prompt X-ray emission displays uncommonly well resolved flaring behaviour, with spectral evolution – indicative of central engine activity – which allows us to estimate the energy injection time f...

[1] The Luzon Strait transport, as an index for the South China Sea throughflow, has attracted much attention recently. In this study the interannual variability of Luzon Strait transport is examined, using the Island Rule and results from ocean data assimilation. Transport variability obtained from these two approaches is consistent with each other. Assessment of contribution from each integra...

in this research paper, a 10 minute period measured wind speed data at 10 m, 30 m, and 40 m heights are presented for one of the major provinces of iran. four stations in khuzestan- abadan, hosseyneh, mahshahr, and shushtar- are analyzed to determine the potential of wind power generation in this province. from the primary evaluation and by determining mean wind speed and also the weibull funct...

The relationship between gas transfer velocity and wind speed was evaluated at low wind speeds by quantifying the rate of evasion of the deliberate tracer, SF6, from a small oligotrophic lake. Several possible relationships between gas transfer velocity and low wind speed were evaluated by using 1-min-averaged wind speeds as a measure of the instantaneous wind speed values. Gas transfer velocit...

Fuel break effectiveness in wildland-urban interface (WUI) is not well understood during downslope wind-driven fires even though various fuel treatments are conducted across the western United States. The aim of this paper to examine efficacy WUI breaks under influence strong winds and dry fuels, using 2018 Camp Fire as a case study. operational fire growth model Prometheus was used show: (1) d...

Waves on the ocean are generated well away from any shoreline and travel under a prevailing wind towards a distant shore. These deep-water waves eventually become shallow-water waves and break near the shore creating a turbulent surf front of bubbles, foam and spray, encompassing secondary breaking and smaller splashing waves. Human surfers can propel themselves shorewards on these breakers or ...