Machine loading problem in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) encompasses various types of flexibility aspects pertaining to part selection and operation assignments. The evolution of flexible manufacturing systems offers great potential for increasing flexibility by ensuring both cost-effectiveness and customized manufacturing at the same time. This paper proposes a linear mathematical prog...

Public sector agencies are an important front in the day-to-day battle for political supremacy between the executive and the legislature. The executive’s key agents in this conflict are his appointees, who frequently play one of two roles: Congressional allies, where they help Congress implement policy and Congressional adversaries, where they fight with Congress to shift policy strongly toward...

Most of the research in comparative corporate governance has, implicitly or explicitly, taken the US as benchmark. But recent corporate scandals, such as Enron and Worldcom, question this alleged supremacy. What went wrong? In this chapter we claim that the problem is not just lack of appropriate disclosure or legislation, but a more fundamental one: deficient incentives for the media to expose...

subject in the following involved, not to say ungrammatical, sentence: " I may add that, as Surgeon to the Evelina Hospital for Children, these deformities of the body have occupied much of my thought and attention, with an earnest desire to erase from the chapter of accidents as many as possible of such unsightly disfigurements; so that in the inevitable struggle for supremacy, in after life, ...

The social force model which belongs to the microscopic pedestrian studies has been considered as the supremacy by many researchers and due to the main feature of reproducing the self-organized phenomena resulted from pedestrian dynamic. The Preferred Force which is a measurement of pedestrian’s motivation to adapt his actual velocity to his desired velocity is an essential term on which the mo...

This article discusses the limits of the transaction cost explanation of the existence of the firm. It develops three simple models that compare the profitability of firms and markets, two without transaction costs related to market trading. In both firms and markets it is assumed that skills increase due to a static specialisation effect. In addition, in the first two models, firms benefit fro...