This study aimed to investigate the diversity and types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the wild service tree, Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz in spring and autumn followed by identifying similarities among the different study sites. Three different sites were selected including Kheiroud, Lalis, and Tarkin, in the Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran. Five rhizosphere soil sampl...

There are many techniques to knock out directed genes in bacteria, some of which have been described in Salmonella species. In this study, a combination of SOEing PCR method and the λ Red disruption system were used to disrupt phoP gene in wild type and standard strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Three standards PCR and one fusion PCR reactions were performed to construct a linear DNA including...

background: studies concerning ticks were of interest to evaluate the distribution and composition of species affecting live stock, thus it was a main step in our knowledge of the pathogens that they may transmit by tick. methods: a collection of 21 adult female and 15 male hard ticks, all is representing a single species of tick collected under the tail of wild goat. the specimens preserved in...

Addition of floral resources to agricultural field margins has been shown to increase abundance of beneficial insects in crop fields, but most plants recommended for this use are non-native annuals. Native perennial plants with different bloom periods can provide floral resources for bees throughout the growing season for use in pollinator conservation projects. To identify the most suitable pl...

A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) on wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch) interference with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Pishtaz) by an additive series experiment. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with 3 replications. Wheat plant height losses were on average 30, 10, and 10% in a wild barley density of 16 plants per pot with ...

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) is one of the most widely distributed molecular markers that have been widely utilized to assess genetic diversity and genetic mapping for important traits in plants. However, the understanding of microsatellite characteristics in Arachis species and the currently available amount of high-quality SSR markers remain limited. In this study, we identi...

Rice and rice gene pool A cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L., referred to hereafter as rice) is an important world crop, providing staple foods for nearly one half of the global population. Achieving high productivity, including improved breeding methods, is always the challenge in meeting the demand for food security and nutritional sufficiency, particularly for the developing world. Apart from ...

Gene flow from crops to wild relatives by sexual reproduction is one of the major issues in risk assessment for the cultivation of genetically engineered (GE) plants. The main factors which influence hybridization and introgression, the two processes of gene flow, as well as the accompanying containment measures of the transgene, are reviewed. The comparison of risks between Switzerland and Eur...