Global Positioning System geodesy was used to measure surface deformation on Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat from October 6, 1995 to July 1, 1997 during initial dome growth and gravitational collapse. Our data from this period show non-axially symmetric horizontal displacements, and decreasing subsidence as a function of radial distance from the former topographic high of the volcanic edifi...

In this paper the safety of a double-dike system (or twin dikes) is assessed. Such consist two parallel lines flood defences. During storms combined strength defences must prevent flooding hinterland. A culvert can be implemented for tidal exchange sea water to enable new land-uses in area between dikes such as aquaculture, saline agriculture, salt marsh restoration and clay extraction. We deve...

Dikes feed most eruptions, so understanding their mechanism of propagation is fundamental for volcanic hazard assessment. The variation in geometry a propagating dike as function the injection rate remains poorly studied. Here we use experiments injecting water into gelatin to investigate thickness, width and length flux-driven connected its source time intruded volume. Results show that thickn...

Pseudotachylyte, a fault rock formed through coseismic frictional melting, provides an important record of coseismic mechanics. In particular, injection veins formed at a high angle to the fault surface have been used to estimate rupture directivity, velocity, pulse length, stress and strength drop, as well as slip weakening distance and wall rock sti ness. These studies, however, have generall...

[1] Volcanic eruptions are often accompanied by spatiotemporal migration of ground deformation, a consequence of pressure changes within magma reservoirs and pathways. We modeled the propagation of pressure variations through the east rift zone (ERZ) of K ılauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, caused by magma withdrawal during the early eruptive episodes (1983–1985) of the ongoing Pu‘u ‘ O‘ o-Kupaianaha erup...

This paper is an extension of previous work which characterises soil behaviours using the grading entropy diagram. The present work looks at the piping process in granular soils, by considering some new data from flood-protection dikes. The piping process is divided into three parts here: particle movement at the micro scale to segregate free water; sand boil development (which is the initiatio...

Re cently the Whitesail Lake map area (NTS 093E), im me di ately north and east of Bella Coola, BC has been the fo cus of re gional map ping pro grams, in clud ing the cur rent Geoscience BC funded map ping pro gram of Mahoney et al. (2006) and the map ping con ducted in 2004 un der the Rocks to Riches pro gram (Mahoney et al., 2005). The re gional map ping ex er cise dis cov ered a new oc cur ...

[1] The volcanic eruption on Miyakejima, Japan, in 2000 was marked by the largest earthquake swarm ever recorded in Japan, a seismicity migration accompanying a dike intrusion as the dike propagated from Miyakejima to the northwest, and formation of a caldera on Mount Oyama on Miyakejima. In this study, we propose a seismic source model which can be used to model both seismic and geodetic displ...

Dike height optimization is of major importance to the Netherlands as a large part of the country lies below sea level and high water levels in rivers can cause floods. A cost-benefit analysis is discussed in Eijgenraam et al. (2010), which is an improvement of the model Van Dantzig (1956) introduced after a devastating flood in the Netherlands in 1953. We consider the extension of this model t...

[1] Previous studies noted the close association of geologically very recent lava flows and fluvial channels emanating from Cerberus Fossae. To assess these relationships, we outline a model of magmatic dike emplacement that involves 1) surface fractures and localized volcanic eruptions, 2) attendant cryospheric cracking to fracture the surface and release pressurized groundwater confined benea...