The study of the detailed composition of milk is mainly limited to the few commercially exploited animals such as the cow (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), goat (Capra hircus), camel (Camelus bactrianus), water buffalo (Buabalus bubalis) and yak (Bos grunniens) (Jennes and Patton 1976; Oftedal 1984; Park and Haenlein 2004). For most other animals, the information is limited to the content of th...

Prognosis of Childhood Obesity At present it is not known how often a fat infant grows into a fat child. The fashion in teaching medical students about infant feeding is to stress the dangers of under-feeding and to minimize those of over-feeding, if indeed we admit that over-feeding has any dangers. If a prospective study of overweight infants showed that many remained overweight into the late...

WITH ONE PLATE I T is generally considered that urea diffuses freely across the placental barrier and that creatinine does so too (Needham, 1931), and that the concentration of both compounds is the same in foetal and maternal plasma. Alexander, Nixon, Widdas, & Wohlzogen (1958), however, found that the concentration of creati-nine was higher in the serum of the foetal lamb than it was in the m...

TABLE 1. Circulating hormones ofthe gut which were not seen in animals deprived of enteral feeding. In addition, oral feeding has been demonstrated to enhance gut enzyme activity (jejunal lactase and acid phosphatase) in newborn piglets (Widdowson et al., 1976) and may initiate important changes in intermediary metabolism for example the increased responsiveness of'pancreatic p-cells to glucose...

SINcE it is now generally agreed that "haematin" iron in foods is largely unavailable for haemoglobin formation, and therefore is probably not absorbed [Elvehjem et al., 1933; Lintzel, 1931], it is clear that a knowledge of the total iron in a foodstuff may be of little use from a dietetic standpoint. A knowledge of the ionisable iron is probably of much more value, although it cannot be assume...

IT HAS Ions been recognized that renal disturbances may develop during the course of a diabetic coma. But only a few attempts have been made to evaluate the nature and the cause of these changes. In a first approach to this problem, McCance and Widdowson found a decreased inulin clearance and low oreatinine/inulin and urea/inulin clearance ratios. Two years ago, we reported a case in which the ...

Great interest has been centred during recent years on the renal physiology and the milieu interieur of newborn infants. However, so far no studies have been carried out on newborn Bantus. Although it is well established that neonatal renal function is immature (McCance and Young, 1941; McCance, 1959), full-term healthy babies delivered spontaneously and without undue difficulty are known to be...

In 1942 Winkler and Smith (1), studying the simultaneous renal clearances of exogenous creatinine and potassium in dogs following the injection of potassium salts, concluded that potassium is normally filtered at the glomerulus and subjected to a variable degree of tubular reabsorption. The highest potassium/creatinine clearance ratio obtained by these authors was 0.40. In 1948 Berliner and Ken...

We have already reported that, in 3-day balance studies on male breast-fed babies between the 6th and 9th day after birth, more strontium was excreted than ingested, though the balance for calcium and phosphorus was positive (Widdowson, Slater, Harrison & Sutton, 1960). More recently, measurements of the Ca, Sr and phosphate balances in older bottle-fed infants have been reported by others (Lou...

The potential of corpora for language learning and teaching has been widely acknowledged and their ready availability on the Web has facilitated access for a broad range of users, including language teachers and learners. However, the integration of corpora into general language learning and teaching practice has so far been disappointing. In this paper, I will argue that the shape of many exis...