BACKGROUND The association of obesity measures (ie, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to hip ratio (WHR)) with metabolic risk factors in community-based populations has not been well studied. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study 759 men and 1,255 women aged between 30 and 79 years, without histories of stroke or coronary heart diseases, were dichotomized at the med...

Secondary sexual characteristics convey information about reproductive potential. In the same way that facial symmetry and masculinity, and shoulder-to-hip ratio convey information about reproductive/genetic quality in males, waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) is a phenotypic cue to fertility, fecundity, neurodevelopmental resources in offspring, and overall health, and is indicative of "good genes" in w...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether body mass index (BMI) is independently associated with cognitive function in postmenopausal women and the relationship between body fat distribution as estimated by waist-hip ratio (WHR). DESIGN Cross-sectional data analysis. SETTING Baseline data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) hormone trials. PARTICIPANTS Eight thousand seven hundred forty-five p...

To ascertain the relationship between the extent and composition of coronary arterial lesions and the regional distribution of fat in healthy women younger than 50 years of age, a series of 30 forensic autopsy cases were investigated. Body height and weight, waist and hip circumferences, and the thickness of the subscapular and abdominal subcutaneous fat were measured; the body mass index (BMI)...

This study examines the role of obesity and body fat distribution (ie, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 50 nondiabetic, obese (body mass index [BMI], 31±2 kg/m, mean±SD), 45±10-year-old women. The data obtained at baseline and after weight loss were analyzed after dividing subjects by WHR into upper-body (WHR >0.80) and lower-body (WHR £0.80) groups and ...

Background: For older groups, being overweight [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 25 to <30] is reportedly associated with a lower or similar risk of mortality than being normal weight (BMI: 18.5 to <25). However, this "risk paradox" is partly explained by smoking and disease-associated weight loss. This paradox may also arise from BMI failing to measure fat redistribution to a centralized posit...

BACKGROUND To examine the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Songming county, Yunnan province, South-west China and examine influences of anthropometric indicators on diabetic risk. METHODS This study was a population based cross-sectional study of 1031 subjects in Songming County aged 30 years and older. Age-standardization was performed by using the 2010 Songming population as the st...

There is evidence that certain indices of iron status are associated with anthropometric measures, which are used independently as markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study examined whether this association exists in an African population. The study was a cross-sectional comparative study that examined a total of 1 854 African participants. Ferritin was positively associated with...

Bacteriophages used to treat infections are typically amplified in a pathogenic host. However, this practice introduces the risk of administering any remaining bacteriophage-resistant pathogen during bacteriophage application if separation techniques are less than perfect. In this study, bacteriophage isolates capable of replicating in both Salmonella and Klebsiella oxytoca were identified and ...

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Renal hyperfiltration, defined as an abnormally high glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is a link in the causal chain between diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Whether obesity is associated with hyperfiltration in the non-diabetic general population, remains unresolved due to a lack of consensus regarding the definition of hyper...