Granular sludge is a novel alternative for the treatment of wastewater and offers numerous operational and economic advantages over conventional floccular-sludge systems. The majority of research on granular sludge has focused on optimization of engineering aspects relating to reactor operation with little emphasis on the fundamental microbiology. In this study, we hypothesize two novel mechani...

Thirteen new carnivorous plant cultivars are named and described: Dionaea 'Angioma', 'EEC Thresher Shark', Pinguicula 'Urchin', 'Damon's Choice', Sarracenia 'Camisole', 'GraceY', 'Spanish Dancer', 'Yellow Hornet', 'White Cobra', 'Wilkerson White Knight', 'Flamenco', 'Asmoderolle', Utricularia 'Garcia's Treasure'

The conditional volatility in the daily spot prices of the crops traded on the South African Futures Exchange (yellow maize, white maize, wheat, sunflower seed and soybeans) is determined. The volatility in the prices of white maize, yellow maize and sunflower seed have been found to vary over time, suggesting the use of the GARCH approach in these cases. Using the GARCH approach, the condition...

To shed light on the perceptual basis of the color white, we measured settings of unique white in a dark surround. We find that settings reliably show more variability in an oblique (blue-yellow) direction in color space than along the cardinal axes of the cone-opponent mechanisms. This is against the idea that white perception arises at the null point of the cone-opponent mechanisms, but one a...

The yellow variegated mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by bright-yellow true leaves that turn green- and white-sectored as leaf development proceeds. Variegation is due to the action of a nuclear recessive gene. Whereas cells in the green sectors contain morphologically normal chloroplasts, cells in the yellow and white sectors are heteroplastidic and contain plastids with rudime...

objective fungi produce many different carotenoids and some are attractive in medical and industrial sources. in this work the ability of mucor hiemalis (ptcc 5292) to produce carotenoids in media with different nitrogenous and carbon sources and incubation with white, yellow, blue and red lights (15w, 220v, e27) against dark-grown were studied. materials and method the microorganism cultivatio...

Inbred lines from different varieties of cultivated plants characterized by a white yellow irregular pattern on the leaves obtained after selection in the inbred generation (S3) of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were the object of the present studies. The feature of a white yellow irregular pattern in all lines was monomeric and recessive. This trait in L158b, wch, and zp was determined by the ...

The coloration of species can have multiple functions, such as predator avoidance and sexual signalling, that directly affect fitness. As selection should favour traits that positively affect fitness, the genes underlying the trait should reach fixation, thereby preventing the evolution of polymorphisms. This is particularly true for aposematic species that rely on coloration as a warning signa...

flea beetles of chaetocnema tibialis (col:, chrysomelidae) are important pests on sugar beet iniran. in some cases, the damages caused by this pest are so high that some part of  the field should be replanted. since most of crop losses occur from cotyledon stage until 4-leaf stage, monitoring of the population of this pest could play an important role in decreasing damage of the pest. sticky-co...

White hybrid inorganic/organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated by combining a novel organic colour converter with a blue inorganic LED. An organic small molecule was specifically synthesised to act as down-converter. The characteristics of the white colour were controlled by changing the concentration of the organic molecule based on the BODIPY unit, which was embedded in a transpa...