Successful training for endurance running events depends on the optimal connection of training exercises and the transfer of training effects. Not every stimulus will automatically lead to an improvement in running performance. This survey examines the optimal connection of endurance and strength properties and training transfer in the annual training cycle of elite distance runners, applying a...

Anxiety is often a challenge for athletes making it difficult for them to perform at their optimum. Many successful athletes have acknowledged that imagery, deep breathing exercises, and relaxation exercises are important in anxiety management (Curtin, Munroe-Chandler, & Loughead, 2015; Pineschi & DiPietro, 2013). Relaxation is important for low arousal sports, such as archery, shooting, and da...

emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage self-emotions and others' emotions and includes the intelligent use of emotions. this study aimed at investigating the emotional intelligence in male and female elite athletes in team and individual sport fields. the sample consisted of 62 female elite athletes and 74 male elite athletes selected from different individual and t...

BACKGROUND Hamstring strain and anterior cruciate ligament injuries are, respectively, the most prevalent and serious non-contact occurring injuries in team sports. Specific biomechanical and neuromuscular variables have been used to estimate the risk of incurring a non-contact injury in athletes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidences for the effectiveness...

BACKGROUND Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent causes of disability not only in the general population but also in athletes. Despite a large number of self-reported back specific disability questionnaires, there is no specific, well documented, outcome measure for athletes suffering from back pain. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the main descriptive themes representing f...

BACKGROUND Bracing is an effective strategy for scoliosis treatment, but there is no consensus on the best type of brace, nor on the way in which it should act on the spine to achieve good correction. The aim of this paper is to present the family of SPoRT (Symmetric, Patient-oriented, Rigid, Three-dimensional, active) braces: Sforzesco (the first introduced), Sibilla and Lapadula. METHODS Th...

Training of the trunk or core muscles for enhanced health, rehabilitation, and athletic performance has received renewed emphasis. Instability resistance exercises have become a popular means of training the core and improving balance. Whether instability resistance training is as, more, or less effective than traditional ground-based resistance training is not fully resolved. The purpose of th...

in this research i have pointed out the various aspects of the relationships between sport and politics and at the end i have suggested some ideas for improving the sports in iran. on the basis of this research, the relationships between sport and politics is a bilateral relation, because from one hand the politics impacts on sport by making and implementing sports` strategy and on the other ha...

Virtual Sports Teacher is a Serious Ga me which is being developed by sports scientists, computer scientists an d media scientists, funded by the HM WK (hessian Ministry of science and art). The primary target group of the gam e are physical education teacher st udents. In the gam e they can practice the procedure of a typical sport lesson, learn how to tr eat pupils and arrange different sport...