A three-factor Box-Behnken design was adopted for studying the simultaneous effects of processing variables such as fat (10-30%), wheat bran (5-15%) and NaCl (0-2%) on the colour changes (L*, a*, b*, whiteness index, saturation index, hue-angle, total colour difference and browning index) of cooked beef meatballs. In addition, the ridge analysis was conducted to find the values of processing va...

The DE values and digestible nutrients content of 6 diets were measured in 60-kg male growing pigs fed restricted amount of feed. Diets were prepared from 5 ingredients [wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat bran, and soybean (Glycine max) meal; inclusion levels of ingredients were not correlated] with or without carbohydrose enzyme (Rovabio Excel AP; 3300 ...

rumen cannula were fed 2 equal meals per day: wheat straw (475 and 95 g, respectively) and a mixture containing 59% olive hard crust, 40% wheat bran and 1 % NaCl (4.2 and 1.5 kg). In vitro degradation (table I) of the less digestible substrates was higher in camels than in sheep. In sacco degradation, corrected for microbial contamination, confirmed this result. In sacco degradation of soya bea...

Wheat bran is a concentrated source of insoluble fibre. Fibre intakes are generally lower than recommendations. This paper reviews the physiological effects of wheat bran and the health benefits it may provide in terms of the prevention of diseases such as colon and breast cancers, cardiovascular disease, obesity and gastrointestinal diseases. In recognition of the weight of evidence, the Europ...

s: Background: Several studies have reported the hypoglycemic property of Fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum), a commonly used condiment in Indian homes, due to its high dietary fiber content. Method: A total of 25 NIDDM patients were given control diets orally consisting of (i)milled rice(boiled rice),(ii) whole wheat (chapati) experimental diets consisting of (iii) boiled rice with fe...

Agro-industrial wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran, rice bran, corn cob and wheat straw are cheapest and abundantly available natural carbon sources. The present study was aimed to production of amylase and xylanase simultaneously using agro-industrial waste as the sole carbon source. Seven thermophilic strains of actinomycete were isolated from the mushroom compost. Among of these, s...

A thermophilic strain AMF-07, hydrolyzing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was isolated from Kerman hot spring and was identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on 16S rRNA sequence homology. The carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) enzyme produced by the B. licheniformis was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single band on S...

The production of extracellular amylase by the halotolerant fungus Penicillium sp. was statistically optimized in a submerged cultivation. Maximum enzyme production was obtained after two days of incubation in a medium containing 10% (w/v) NaCl, in addition to MgSO .7H O 1% and 1% (w/v) of 4 2 starch. The optimum pH for growth and enzyme production was 4. Partial characterization of the crude e...

Estrogen is metabolized along two competing pathways to form the 2-hydroxylated and the 16alpha-hydroxylated metabolites. Based on proposed differences in biological activities, the ratio of these metabolites, 2-hydroxyestrogen:16alpha-hydroxyestrone (2:16alpha-OHE1), has been used as a biomarker for breast cancer risk. Women with an elevated 2:16alpha-OHE1 ratio are hypothesized to be at a dec...

Wheat bran is a rich source of dietary fiber, of which arabinoxylan is the most abundant non-starch polysaccharide. Arabinoxylan has been known to exert in vivo immunological activities. Based on prior findings, we pretreated wheat bran with enzymatic hydrolysis to increase the release of soluble arabinoxylan and investigated whether oral administration of wheat bran altered macrophage activity...