Nature is a home handywoman. Constrained by evolution, she does the job with the tools at hand, using a screwdriver for a hammer if necessary. This is well illustrated by the way particular cell signaling systems, such as that mediated by Wingless (Wg) in Drosophila and its Wnt homologs in vertebrates, direct diverse developmental decisions. The Wg/Wnt signaling system has been the subject of i...

Let G = SpecA be a linearly reductive group, and wG ∈ A ∗ be G-invariant and wG(1) = 1. We establish the harmonic analysis on G and we compute wG when G = Sln, Gln, On, Sp2n, by geometric arguments and by means of the Fourier transform. Introduction An affine k-group G = SpecA is semisimple if and only if A splits in the form A = k ×B∗ as k-algebras, where the first projection π1 : A → k is the...

The Sno oncogene (Snoo or dSno in Drosophila) is a highly conserved protein and a well-established antagonist of Transforming Growth Factor-beta signaling in overexpression assays. However, analyses of Sno mutants in flies and mice have proven enigmatic in revealing developmental roles for Sno proteins. Thus, to identify developmental roles for dSno we first reconciled conflicting data on the l...

The secreted glycoprotein Wingless (Wg) acts through a conserved signaling pathway to regulate target gene expression. Wg signaling causes nuclear translocation of Armadillo, the fly beta-catenin, which then complexes with the DNA-binding protein TCF, enabling it to activate transcription. Though many nuclear factors have been implicated in modulating TCF/Armadillo activity, their importance re...

The WG stream ciphers are based on the WG (Welch-Gong) transformation and possess proved randomness properties. In this paper we propose nine new hardware designs for the two classes of WG(29, 11) and WG-16. For each class, we design and implement three versions of standard, pipelined and serial. For the first time, we use the polynomial basis (PB) representation to design and implement the WG(...

Climate is a complex system which is changing mainly due to the increase of greenhouse gases. Because of the importance of climate change and the effects it can have on water resources, in recent years, this topic has been taken into consideration for different basins on Earth. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of climate change and forecasting meteorological variables o...

The eyegone (eyg) gene encodes Eyg, a transcription factor of the Pax family with multiple roles during Drosophila development. Although Eyg has been shown to act as a repressor, nothing is known about the mechanism by which it represses its target genes. Here, we show that Eyg forms a protein complex with heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a). Both proteins bind to the same chromatin regions on po...

In order to pose eeective queries to Web sites, some form of site data model must be implicitly or explicitly shared by users. Many approaches try to compensate for the lack of such a common model by considering the hypertex-tual structure of Web sites; unfortunately, this structure has usually little to do with data semantics. In this paper a diierent technique is proposed that allows for both...