The lexical items like and well can serve as discourse markers (DMs), but can also play numerous other roles, such as verb or adverb. Identifying the occurrences that function as DMs is an important step for language understanding by computers. In this study, automatic classifiers using lexical, prosodic/positional and sociolinguistic features are trained over transcribed dialogues, manually an...

We have determined the depth of ion implant damage in semiconductor materials by nonlinear optical measurements. The carrier lifetime in ion-implanted mesas was measured by the pump-probe technique, and the carrier diffusion coefficient in unetched material was measured by degenerate four-wave mixing. An effective depth of damage within which the carriers experience fast recombination is then d...

Considering the Cauchy problem for the modified finite-depthfluid equation ∂tu− Gδ(∂ 2 xu)∓ u 2ux = 0, u(0) = u0, where Gδf = −iF [coth(2πδξ)− 1 2πδξ ]Ff , δ&1, and u is a real-valued function, we show that it is uniformly globally well-posed if u0 ∈ Hs (s ≥ 1/2) with ‖u0‖L2 sufficiently small for all δ&1. Our result is sharp in the sense that the solution map fails to be C in Hs(s < 1/2). More...

Deformation modulus of rock mass has a significant role in the support design of an underground excavation. It is determined by expensive in-situ tests or by empirical models. Existing models for estimation of deformation modulus do not consider its stress dependence. Herein, data from several sources is used to develop a stress- (depth-) dependent relation for estimation of deformation modulus...

Although the multiplication of bacteriophages (phages) has a substantial impact on the biosphere, comparatively little is known about how the external environment affects phage production. Here we report that sub-lethal concentrations of certain antibiotics can substantially stimulate the host bacterial cell’s production of some virulent phage. For example, a low dosage of cefotaxime, a cephalo...