Overlay networks are emerging as a platform to enhance the core network routing functionality. They form a new network layer on top of the Internet and offer a whole range of network enhancements, such as extra resilience, QoS (Quality of Service) support and overlay multicasting. This paper discusses how an overlay network is used to provide an end-toend QoS enabled multicast network. It descr...

Evaluation of mine risk education in Afghanistan used population weighted raster maps as an evaluation tool to assess mine education performance, coverage and costs. A stratified last-stage random cluster sample produced representative data on mine risk and exposure to education. Clusters were weighted by the population they represented, rather than the land area. A "friction surface" hooked th...

Selfish overlay routing is the technique whereby the sender of the packet can specify the route that the packet should take through the network. Selfish overlay routing allow end users to select routes in an egocentic fashion to optimize their own performance without considering the system wide criteria which in turn cause performance degradation .The main concept behind the selfish overlay net...

Abstract The assessment of land suitability is the key to sustained agricultural output. Thus, study aimed assess for irrigation development in West Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A GIS-based analytical hierarchy process was applied evaluate a multi-criteria analysis. factors such as soil (depth, drainage, texture, pH, organic carbon, available water content, and salinity), slope, use/cover, pro...

Abstract The purpose of this research is the use a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used in conjunction with Geographic Information System to compute morphometric factors influencing flooding vulnerability. These causal were subjected weighted overlay analysis order categorize areas based on their location Sitiarjo Village Malang District East Java Indonesia. flood disaster that most harmed co...

A recent trend in routing research is the use of overlay routing to improve end-to-end QoS without changing the network-level architecture. The key of this technology is to find an alternative route that can avoid congested routes, using an overlay network. Developing costefficient overlay routing in terms of calculation cost and information distribution cost needed to find an alternative route...

In double patterning lithography (DPL), overlay error between two patterning steps at the same layer translates into CD variability. Since CD uniformity budget is very tight, overlay control becomes a tough challenge for DPL. In this paper, we electrically evaluate overlay error for BEOL DPL with the goal of studying relative effects of different overlay sources and interactions of overlay cont...

The protocol described in this paper builds and maintains an overlay topology on top of an ad hoc network. The overlay is intended to be used by a routing application. As flooding is a key component of many route discovery mechanisms in MANETs, we evaluate the delivery percentage, bandwidth consumption and time duration of flooding a message on the overlay. We also consider the overlay path str...