conclusions although the patients carrying m204i mutation were more likely to show lack of responses to lam therapy, lam replacing by other nucleoside/tide analogs plus hbig maybe still effective in decreasing hepatitis b recurrence after liver transplantation. however, it is suggested that drug resistance test should be considered by clinicians during therapeutic management to avoid the follow...

anopheles culicifacies is the vector of malaria in southeastern part of iran, india, west pakistan and ceylon. in 1959 the lc50 % ddt in the panchmahal district of gujarat state (india) had increased. ddt resistant population of a. culicifacies has been reported from west pakistan, burma and iran. after application of ddt in 1959, the density of a. culicifacies decreased sharply. the susceptibi...

puccinia recondite (leaf rust) is an endemic disease in iran; this disease can affect the productivity and quality of wheat, that occurring in all wheat growing regions. genetic resistance to leaf rust of wheat is the most important strategy to control the diseases and 51 leaf rust resistance genes (lr gene) are reported in wheat to provide resistance to leaf rust. this study aims to identify p...

conclusions ctx-m was the most prevalent esbl genotype in uropathogenic e. coli (upec) isolated from uti. in addition, a high frequency of qnr genes among esbl-producing e. coli was identified in this study. in order to avoid treatment failures, we recommend using phenotypic and molecular methods to diagnose these enzymes and qnr genes. results the highest sensitivity was seen to imipenem (96.7...

infectious diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality and the spread of resistant microorganisms is playing a significant role in this regard. the purpose of this study was to assess the trend in antimicrobial resistance of gram-positive bacteria at the main referral teaching hospital in tehran during a 4-year period. all patients' biological isolates such as blood, u...

antimalarial drugs with the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold such as the important drugs, chloroquine (cq) and amodiaquine (aq), have been used to prevent and treat malaria for many years. the importance of these drugs is related to their simple usage, high efficacy, affordability, and cost-effectiveness of their synthesis. in recent years, with the spread of parasite resistance to cq and cross-resist...

background: acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic and gram-negative coccobacillus. this opportunistic pathogen infectivity, especially in the intensive care units of hospitals is extensive worldwide. due to the incremental pattern of antibiotic resistance, this study was carried out to track the class i, ii and iii integrons in acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitalized cases in m...

objective(s):helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a pathogenic bacterium that colonizes the stomachs of approximately 50% of the world’s population. resistance of h. pylori to antibiotics is considered as the main reason for the failure to eradicate this bacterium. the aim of this study was to determine the rate of resistant h. pylori strains to various antimicrobial agents in different areas of ...

nowadays the most difficult problem in treatment of bacterial infections is the appearance of resistant bacteria to the antimicrobial agents so that the attention is being drawn to other potential targets. in view of the positive findings of phage therapy, many advantages have been mentioned which utilizes phage therapy over chemotherapy and it seems to be a promising agent to replace the antib...