Hardly a day passes without reports of new threats in or about the Internet. Denial of service, worms, viruses, spam, and divulged credit card information highlight the major security threats. At the same time, we are bombarded by reports that privacy is at the greatest risk of all time, caused by the massive ability to store and search information and to trace activities across the Internet. I...

Science in the United States is in a time of pain and uncertainty. The pain is felt most acutely by young scientists, who are having great difficulty establishing their careers. The uncertainty about the duration and outcome of the current situation stems from its roots in ponderous events of recent history—the end of the cold war, industrial downsizing, government deficits and demographic tren...

Concurrent error detection (CED) techniques (based on hardware duplication, parity codes, etc.) are widely used to enhance system dependability. All CED techniques introduce some form of redundancy. Redundant systems are subject to common-mode failures (CMFs). While most of the studies of CED techniques focus on area overhead, few analyze the CMF vulnerability of these techniques. In this paper...

BACKGROUND As preventive medicine is a cornerstone of managed care, most health plans have traditionally featured automatic vaccine coverage routed through the medical benefit. However, with the advent of emerging vaccines, managed care stakeholders must revise decision-making processes and choose among multiple products targeting the same disease. OBJECTIVE To review the motivating forces be...