The structural change of a phospholipid bilayer in water under the action of a shock wave is numerically studied with unsteady nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The action of shock waves is modeled by the momentum change of water molecules, and thereby we demonstrate that the resulting collapse and rebound of the bilayer are followed by the penetration of water molecules into the h...

Ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the advantages of a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (1, 2) as well as enhanced susceptibility T2* contrast (3, 4). However, it also has drawbacks, such as the inherent inhomogeneous radiofrequency (RF) magnetic (B1) field as well as limited penetration depth. The later is often affected by wave interaction between subject and RF coi...

We calculate the penetration depth λ in the a, b and c directions for a simple model of YBa2Cu3O7. In this model there are two layers—representing a CuO2 plane and a CuO chain—per unit cell. There is a BCS–like pairing (both s wave and d wave are considered) interaction localised in the CuO2 planes. The CuO chains become superconducting at temperatures lower than Tc because of their proximity t...

Shear wave velocity (Vs) is known as one of the fundamental material parameters which is useful in dynamic analysis. It is especially used to determine the dynamic shear modulus of the soil layers. Nowadays, several empirical equations have been presented to estimate the shear wave velocity based on the results from Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and soil type. Most of these equations result i...

For the progress of the thermonuclear fusion energy research based on the tokamak concept, it is essential to drive current non-inductively in high-density plasmas for producing steady state, thermally well insulated, stable and large volume plasmas. ITER (International Tokamak Experiment Reactor), as an example, will have relatively high densities at the periphery of the plasma column (ne_0.8 ...