Ballast water systems are an indispensable part of the installation immersed tunnels and utilized to increase or reduce total weight tunnel elements in processes floating transportation, mooring sinking. Traditional ballast generally utilize rigid tanks, which consist retaining walls made steel-wood parts, for supply discharge. However, there many drawbacks traditional system based on tanks. Fo...

Geysers, which involve the explosive release of water through vertical shafts connected to a nearly horizontal pipeline, have been attributed to either pipeline surge or the release of air. Laboratory experiments involving the release of a large entrapped pocket of air through a surcharged vertical riser indicate that the air can force water upward in the shaft but that a jet such as seen in vi...

This section looks back to some ground-breaking contributions to public health, reproducing them in their original form and adding a commentary on their significance from a modern-day perspective. In this issue, Michael A Lennon reviews the first trial of a fluoridated public water supply. Extracts of the report of the trial by Francis A Arnold et al. in 1956 are reproduced below by permission ...

Although subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) foraging behavior involves the construction of gallery systems in soil, few studies have examined how colony size or soil environmental factors influence rates of construction and morphology of gallery systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil texture, soil moisture, and termite density on the rate of tunnel constructio...

results significantly high levels of radon gas were found mostly in water and residential buildings. conclusions it conclusion with regard to the study of building materials, granite stone and adobe coverings cannot be recommended for construction purposes. materials and methods the most important route of exposure to such radiation is indoor places. in this investigation measurement of radon i...

Previous to 9-11, it was assumed that a combination of small-scale bench testing plus dimensional analysis would be sufficient to model fate and transport of chemical and biological (CB) contaminants in water systems. Water security is a life safety issue. Water supply systems on military installations and forward facilities are vulnerable to both conventional, industrial and military CB agent ...