This study examines the critical issue of water scarcity in Dharan Sub-metropolitan city, analyzing various factors that are driving demand and proposing strategies ensuring security. finds replace with rapid expansion residential areas, increasing population, steeper slopes, changing lifestyles, natural hazards, technical management leakage major contributors to growing shortages area, leading...

according to the irrigation systems design standards, allowed pressure variation in lateral pipes is 20 percent. reasons for this rate selection, which since the 60's is performed, are not known. the increased changes in allowed pressure tubes to lateral pipes design, the increased sprinkling system required pressure and the increased nonuniform sprinkler distribution, so energy supply cos...

To evaluate the importance of public-domain transmission of pathogens in drinking-water, an intervention study was carried out by chlorinating the public water-supply system in a village in Pakistan. The water quality improved and reached a geometric mean of 3 Escherichia coli per 100 mL at the last standpipe of the water-supply system. Drinking-water source used and the occurrence of diarrhoea...

neurotoxicants present in water supply may affect human functions in terms of attention, response speed and perceptual motor speed. neurobehavioural performance can be influenced by gender, age and education levels. this study aims to assess the neurobehavioral performance of palm oil estate residents with private water supply in southern peninsular of malaysia.a total of 287 and 246 participan...

Urban water supply systems may be managed through supply-side and demand-side strategies, which focus on water source expansion and demand reductions, respectively. Supply-side strategies bear infrastructure and energy costs, while demand-side strategies bear costs of implementation and inconvenience to consumers. To evaluate the performance of demand-side strategies, the participation and wate...

The intrinsic link between the urban water cycle and climate variables, in particular rainfall, is forcing water supply managers to revise future water plans to incorporate the likely impact of climate change. However, there is great uncertainty surrounding how climate change will affect urban water security due to difficulties in projecting rainfall and the variability in rainfall projections ...