Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection induces the selective shut-off of host protein synthesis, other than ribosomal proteins, and the successive synthesis of viral proteins. Because viral mRNAs persist in the cytoplasm after viral protein synthesis has been inhibited, we hypothesized that viral gene expression may be under translational control. Expression of genes encoding immediate e...

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emission characteristics and vapour/particulate phase partitions under three continued operation conditions, i.e. shut-down, start-up and after start-up, were investigated by sampling stack gas. The results indicated that the PCDD/F emission levels were 0.40-18.03 ng I-TEQ Nm-3, much higher than the annual monitoring lev...

Steady-state and transient experiments of water–gas, oil–water and oil–water–gas multiphase flows were conducted on a transparent 11 m long, 15 cm diameter, inclinable pipe using kerosene, tap water and nitrogen. The pipe inclination was varied from 0 (vertical) to 92 and the flow rates of each phase were varied over wide ranges. Fast-acting valves enabled the trapping of the fluid flowing in t...