Centella asiatica is a tropical medicinal plant with a long history of therapeutic uses, dermal disorders, venous insufficiency and microangiopathy. The substances of therapeutic interest are the saponin-containing triterpene acids and their sugar esters. Two bioactive components, asiatic acid and asiaticoside, were extracted from Centella asiatica using subcritical water as an extraction solve...

there is a close connection between saltwater intrusion into aquifers and groundwater extraction. freshwater extraction in coastal aquifers is one of the most important reasons for the saltwater intrusion into these aquifers. condition of extraction system such as well depth, discharge rate, saltwater concentration and etc. could affect this process widely. thus, investigating different extract...

The extraction yield of lipids from nonbroken Neochloris oleoabundans was maximized by using multiple extraction stages and using stressed algae. Experimental parameters that affect the extraction were investigated. The study showed that with wet algae (at least) 18 h extraction time was required for maximum yield at room temperature and a solvent/feed ratio of 1:1 (w/w). For fresh water (FW), ...

this study propose a new analytical protocol for the determination of benzene, xylene, toluene and styrene in water samples using homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction via flotation assistance (hllme-fa) technique followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). in this research, a special extraction cell was designed to facilitate collection of the low-density solvent extraction. ...

Birch sawdust was extracted with a pressurized hot water (PHW) flowthrough system. The pH of the extract was controlled during extraction by the addition of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer. Three different pH levels, 4.0, 4.2, and 4.6, were used. Extraction temperatures were 160, 170, and 180 °C, with a constant 4 mL/min flow rate through the 50 mL extraction vessel. During PHW extraction wit...

Aqueous extraction of basil seed mucilage was optimized using response surface methodology. A Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for modeling of three independent variables: temperature (40-91 °C); extraction time (1.6-3.3 h) and water/seed ratio (18:1-77:1) was used to study the response for yield. Experimental values for extraction yield ranged from 7.86 to 20.5 g/100 g. Extraction yie...

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water (170℃, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecula...

The tracking subsystem of the CLEO-III Trigger consists of separate axial and stereo tracking pattern-matching modules, whose products are time-aligned and spatially correlated to provide pipelined trigger information every 42 ns with a latency of approximately 2 μs. This paper describes the pipelined signal processing and pattern recognition schemes used by the axial and stereo electronics to ...

This paper proposes a local adaptive thresholding method based on a water #ow model, in which an image surface is considered as a three-dimensional (3-D) terrain. To extract characters from backgrounds, we pour water onto the terrain surface.Water #ows down to the lower regions of the terrain and "lls valleys. Then, the thresholding process is applied to the amount of "lled water for character ...

Patterns are concise, but rich in semantic, representation of data. The approaches proposed in the literature and by commercial systems for pattern management usually deal with few types of knowledge artifacts and mainly concern pattern extraction issues. Little effort has been posed in designing an overall framework dedicated to the management of different types of patterns, possibly user-defi...