background: this study was focused on the probability of carcinogen risk of low-level ingestion and dermal exposure with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from drinking water in tehran, capital of iran. methods: concentrations of 16 pahs were measured in the tap, bottled and heated tap water in four different seasons. using a questionnaire-based survey, exposure with pahs from drinking wa...

a study was carried out in a strip of a river and in a nearby well in the rainy and dry seasons to assess the impact of tobacco waste disposal on the roadsides. there were significant seasonal variations in the concentration of nicotine being higher (p

The impact of aquaporin function on plant water balance is discussed. The significance of these proteins for root water uptake, water conductance in the xylem, including embolism refilling and the role of plant aquaporins in leaf physiology, is described. Emphasis is placed on certain aspects of water stress reactions and the correlation of aquaporins to abscisic acid as well as on the relation...

The Australian water balance model (AWBM) is a catchment water balance model that calculates runoff from rainfall at daily or hourly time increments. The daily version iss used for water yield and water management studies; the hourly version is used for design flood estimation. This paper describes the origin and development of the AWBM beginning with elementary modelling components of saturati...

between the two spaces when water diffuses freely across the membrane. The predominant solute of the extracellular space is sodium. Various disease states may alter water balance and lead to abnormally high or low sodium levels that may result in significant disability or death from either the causative disease, the direct effects of the sodium concentration, or the ill effects of inappropriate...

To the Editor: In their review article on water balance, Knepper et al. (April 2 issue)1 discuss water channels (aquaporins) in renal tubular cells. They omit mention of the critical role played by aquaporin-1 in microvascular endothelia. In the renal microvasculature, endothelial aquaporin-1 mediates the osmotic water efflux across descending vasa recta and is required for regulation of medull...

aging declines abilities and leads to increased risk of falling and subsequently poorer quality of life. the objective of this study was to identify a proper assessment for risk of falling among institutionalized elderly. in order to accomplish this aim, two functional assessment methods, berg scale and tinetti scale, were used and the validity indices of these methods were calculated. prospect...