Recent data suggest possible net transport of urinary constituents across mammalian urinary tract epithelia (urothelia). To evaluate the effect of animal hydration status on such transport, we instilled urine collected during 2-day water deprivation, water loading, or ad libitum water intake into isolated in situ bladder(s) of groups of rats undergoing one of the same three hydration states. Af...

Precipitation/dissolution reactions coupled with solute transport are modelled as a cellular automaton in which solute molecules perform a random walk on a regular lattice and react according to a local probabilistic rule. Stationary solid particles dissolve with a certain probability and, provided solid is already present or the solution is saturated, solute particles have a probability to pre...

Peritoneal dialysis involves diffusive and convective transports and osmosis through the highly vascularized peritoneal membrane. The capillary endothelium offers the rate-limiting hindrance for solute and water transport. It can be functionally described in terms of a three-pore model including transcellular, ultrasmall pores responsible for free-water transport during crystalloid osmosis. Sev...

Observations of fast transport of fluorescent tracers in mouse brains have led to the hypothesis of bulk water flow directed from arterial to venous paravascular spaces (PVS) through the cortical interstitium. At the same time, there is evidence for interstitial solute transport by diffusion rather than by directed bulk fluid motion. It has been shown that the two views may be consolidated by i...

An analytical solution of macrodispersivity was derived for the adsorbing solute transport in physically and chemically heterogeneous unsaturated soils under the condition of gravity-dominated flow. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water content were treated as spatial random functions. The chemical adsorption was described by a linear equilibrium isotherm, and the adsorption coeffici...

Horizontal contaminant transport through unsaturated soil been demonstrated both analytically and experimentally. The water and solute transport equations were solved using the Boltzman transformation, to convert the partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. The resulted mathematical model was verified using experimental data. A laboratory scale column system was constr...