Hypoxia-induced VEGF governs both physiological retinal vascular development and pathological retinal neovascularization. In the current paper, the mechanisms of physiological and pathological neovascularization are compared and contrasted. During pathological neovascularization, both the absolute and relative expression levels for VEGF 164 increased to a greater degree than during physiologica...

Tumors initiate angiogenesis primarily by secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A(164)). The first new vessels to form are greatly enlarged, pericyte-poor sinusoids, called mother vessels (MV), that originate from preexisting venules. We postulated that the venular enlargement necessary to form MV would require a selective degradation of their basement membranes, rigid structures t...

Smac mimetics are being developed as a new class of anticancer therapies. Because the single-agent activity of Smac mimetics is very limited, rational combinations represent a viable strategy for their clinical development. The combination of Smac mimetics with TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) may be particularly attractive because of the low toxicity of TRAIL to normal cells and t...

This study investigates the specific role of the VEGF-isoforms in pathological choroidal/retinal angiogenesis, as their role in physiological angiogenesis was already described (1,2). VEGFisoform specific mice (VEGF , VEGF 164/ 164 and VEGF mice) were bred to study the role of the VEGF isoforms in pathological angiogenesis. In these mice, two established models of pathological angiogenesis were...

Smac mimetics are being developed as a new class of anticancer therapies. Because the single-agent activity of Smac mimetics is very limited, rational combinations represent a viable strategy for their clinical development. The combination of Smac mimetics with TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) may be particularly attractive because of the low toxicity of TRAIL to normal cells and t...

Geriatric medicine has an encyclopaedic sweep, reflecting the complexity of both the ageing process and of our patient group. Keeping up with, and making sense of, the relevant scientific literature is challenging, especially as ageing has increased in prominence as a focus of research across many branches of the sciences and the humanities. This review of research published in 2012 in generali...

As the Royal College of Nursing Congress drew to a close in Harrogate members were in no doubt their national pay campaign had gathered momentum. It was no longer just about a 3 per cent pay rise for every nurse in the country, but about the future of the NHS itself.

AMA Girsang B, Elfirae E. Development of a web-based “Perineal Care Protocol” educational model as assistance for postpartum perineal wound care at home. Family Medicine & Primary Review. 2023;25(2):160-164. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2023.127674. APA Girsang, B., Elfirae, (2023). Review, 25(2), 160-164. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2023.127674 Chicago Bina Melvia, and Eqlima Elfirae. 2023. "Developmen...