This paper presents PM10 fugitive dust emission factors for a range of vehicles types and examines the influence of vehicle and wake characteristics on the strength of emissions from an unpaved road. Vertical profile measurements of mass concentration of the passing plumes were carried out using a series of 3 instrumented towers. PM10 emission fluxes at each tower were calculated from knowledge...

Insomnia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative sleep with impairment of daytime functioning. Currently, treatment for insomnia involves a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBTi) and pharmacological therapy. Among pharmacological interventions, the most evidence exists for benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist dr...

background & aim : mother-infant separation is one of the main causes of sleep-wake states disorders in neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of in-arms-holding by mothers on sleep-wake states disorders of preterm neonates. methods & materials : in a pilot study, through a semi-experimental pretest-posttest method, 35 preterm neonates wit...

Considering the marked changes in sleep and circadian rhythms across the lifespan, age may contribute to the heterogeneity in sleep-wake profiles linked to mood disorders. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of age and depression severity to sleep-wake disturbances. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was administered to assess current symptoms severity in 238 persons with...

The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) is adopted to simulate the wind turbine wake and the simulation results are compared with the wind tunnel test data, simulation results from the standard k-ε model and a modified k-ε model. RSM shows good performance in predicting the turbine wakes velocity, turbulence intensity and the kinetic shear stress, while the k-ε based models fail to predict either wakes...

Mesopontine cholinergic neurons have long been thought to play a key role in behavioral state control. In particular, they have been implicated in the process of EEG desynchrony and in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, the behavioral profile of identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons has not been unequivocally demonstrated. In an attempt to address this issue, in viv...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To analyze the temporal organization of the sleep-wake cycle under food entrainment in the rat. METHODS Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically implanted for polysomnographic recording. During the baseline (BL) protocol, rats were recorded under a 12:12 light-dark (LD) schedule in individual isolation chambers with food and water ad libitum. Food entrainment was pe...

Modafinil, in its two clinical formulations (Provigil(®) and Nuvigil(®)), is a widely prescribed wake-promoting therapeutic agent. It binds competitively to the cell-membrane dopamine (DA) transporter and is dependent on catecholaminergic (dopaminergic and adrenergic) signaling for its wake-promoting effects. The clinical spectrum of effects for modafinil is distinct from the effects seen with ...

An extensive experimental study is conducted to examine effects of different winglet-shapes and orientations on the vortex behind a wing, static surface pressure over the wing, and wing wake of a swept wing at various angles of attack. Four types of winglets, spiroid (forward and aft), blended, and winggrid are used in this investigation. Wing static surface pressure measurements are obtained f...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Auditory evoked potential (AEP) components correspond to sequential activation of brain structures within the auditory pathway and reveal neural activity during sensory processing. To investigate state-dependent modulation of stimulus intensity response profiles within different brain structures, we assessed AEP components across both stimulus intensity and state. DESIGN We i...